Xiaoying Qiu^1,*, Xiaoyu Ma¹, Guangxu Zhao¹, Jinwei Yu², Wenbao Jiang¹, Zhaozhong Guo¹, Maozhi Xu³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 2025-2040, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061869 - 16 April 2025

Abstract Physical layer authentication (PLA) in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention. Compared with traditional encryption and blockchain technologies, PLA provides a more computationally efficient alternative to exploiting the properties of the wireless medium itself. Some existing PLA solutions rely on static mechanisms, which are insufficient to address the authentication challenges in fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks. Additionally, with the massive increase in mobile device access, the communication security of the IoT is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. To overcome the above challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight deep More >

Muhammad Saad, Ki-Woong Park^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 1881-1900, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061733 - 16 April 2025

Abstract The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices introduces substantial security challenges. Currently, privacy constitutes a significant concern for individuals. While maintaining privacy within these systems is an essential characteristic, it often necessitates certain compromises, such as complexity and scalability, thereby complicating management efforts. The principal challenge lies in ensuring confidentiality while simultaneously preserving individuals’ anonymity within the system. To address this, we present our proposed architecture for managing IoT devices using blockchain technology. Our proposed architecture works on and off blockchain and is integrated with dashcams and closed-circuit television (CCTV) security cameras. In this… More >

Cui Zhang¹, Maoxin Ji², Qiong Wu^2,*, Pingyi Fan³, Qiang Fan⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 3519-3536, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061292 - 16 April 2025

Abstract As Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology continues to advance, edge computing has become an important tool for assisting vehicles in handling complex tasks. However, the process of offloading tasks to edge servers may expose vehicles to malicious external attacks, resulting in information loss or even tampering, thereby creating serious security vulnerabilities. Blockchain technology can maintain a shared ledger among servers. In the Raft consensus mechanism, as long as more than half of the nodes remain operational, the system will not collapse, effectively maintaining the system’s robustness and security. To protect vehicle information, we propose a… More >

Mohammad Tabrez Quasim^*, Khair Ul Nisa

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 1239-1255, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061541 - 26 March 2025

Abstract The blockchain-based audiovisual transmission systems were built to create a distributed and flexible smart transport system (STS). This system lets customers, video creators, and service providers directly connect with each other. Blockchain-based STS devices need a lot of computer power to change different video feed quality and forms into different versions and structures that meet the needs of different users. On the other hand, existing blockchains can’t support live streaming because they take too long to process and don’t have enough computer power. Large amounts of video data being sent and analyzed put too much… More >

Ra-Yeon Choi¹, Yeji Song², Minsoo Jang¹, Taekyung Kim³, Jinhyun Ahn^4,*, Dong-Hyuk Im^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 785-801, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061185 - 26 March 2025

Abstract Smart contracts are self-executing programs on blockchains that manage complex business logic with transparency and integrity. However, their immutability after deployment makes programming errors particularly critical, as such errors can be exploited to compromise blockchain security. Existing vulnerability detection methods often rely on fixed rules or target specific vulnerabilities, limiting their scalability and adaptability to diverse smart contract scenarios. Furthermore, natural language processing approaches for source code analysis frequently fail to capture program flow, which is essential for identifying structural vulnerabilities. To address these limitations, we propose a novel model that integrates textual and structural… More >

Qiong Yang¹, Li Ma^1,2,*, Sami Ullah³, Shanshan Tu¹, Hisham Alasmary⁴, Muhammad Waqas^5,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4821-4839, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.059497 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), as the standard inter-domain routing protocol, is a distance-vector dynamic routing protocol used for exchanging routing information between distributed Autonomous Systems (AS). BGP nodes, communicating in a distributed dynamic environment, face several security challenges, with trust being one of the most important issues in inter-domain routing. Existing research, which performs trust evaluation when exchanging routing information to suppress malicious routing behavior, cannot meet the scalability requirements of BGP nodes. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based trust model for inter-domain routing. Our model achieves scalability by allowing the master node of… More >

Hongliang Tian, Zuoqing Li^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 3983-4002, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.059103 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Low data encryption efficiency and inadequate security are two issues with the current blockchain cross-chain transaction protection schemes. To address these issues, a blockchain cross-chain transaction protection scheme based on Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the functional relationship is established by Box-Muller, Discrete Gaussian Distribution Function (DGDF) and Uniform Random Distribution Function (URDF) are used to improve the security and efficiency of key generation. Subsequently, the data preprocessing function is introduced to perform cleaning, deduplication, and normalization operations on the transaction data of multi-key signature, and it is classified into… More >

Guoqiong Liao^1,3, Yinxiang Lei^1,2,*, Yufang Xie¹, Neal N. Xiong⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 3309-3335, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.060077 - 17 February 2025

Abstract As the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) continues to expand, smart health-monitoring devices generate vast amounts of valuable data while simultaneously raising critical security and privacy challenges. Blockchain technology presents a promising avenue to address these concerns due to its inherent decentralization and security features. However, scalability remains a persistent hurdle, particularly for IoMT applications that involve large-scale networks and resource-constrained devices. This paper introduces a novel lightweight sharding method tailored to the unique demands of IoMT data sharing. Our approach enhances state bootstrapping efficiency and reduces operational overhead by utilizing a dual-chain structure comprising… More >

Shihao Wang¹, Xuehui Du^1,*, Xiangyu Wu¹, Qiantao Yang^1,2, Wenjuan Wang¹, Yu Cao¹, Aodi Liu¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 3355-3379, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.059722 - 17 February 2025

Abstract With the increasing popularity of blockchain applications, the security of data sources on the blockchain is gradually receiving attention. Providing reliable data for the blockchain safely and efficiently has become a research hotspot, and the security of the oracle responsible for providing reliable data has attracted much attention. The most widely used centralized oracles in blockchain, such as Provable and Town Crier, all rely on a single oracle to obtain data, which suffers from a single point of failure and limits the large-scale development of blockchain. To this end, the distributed oracle scheme is put… More >

Gang Xu^1,2,6, Xinyu Fan¹, Xiu-Bo Chen², Xin Liu⁴, Zongpeng Li⁵, Yanhui Mao^6,7, Kejia Zhang^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 2293-2309, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.057882 - 17 February 2025

Abstract Blockchain-enabled Internet of Medical Things (BIoMT) has attracted significant attention from academia and healthcare organizations. However, the large amount of medical data involved in BIoMT has also raised concerns about data security and personal privacy protection. To alleviate these concerns, blind signature technology has emerged as an effective method to solve blindness and unforgeability. Unfortunately, most existing blind signature schemes suffer from the security risk of key leakage. In addition, traditional blind signature schemes are also vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. Therefore, it remains a crucial and ongoing challenge to explore the construction of key-secure,… More >