Saeed Ahmed^1,2, Noor Gul^1,3, Jahangir Khan⁴, Junsu Kim¹, Su Min Kim^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5061-5082, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023639

Abstract Flash floods are deemed the most fatal and disastrous natural hazards globally due to their prompt onset that requires a short prime time for emergency response. Cognitive Internet of things (CIoT) technologies including inherent characteristics of cognitive radio (CR) are potential candidates to develop a monitoring and early warning system (MEWS) that helps in efficiently utilizing the short response time to save lives during flash floods. However, most CIoT devices are battery-limited and thus, it reduces the lifetime of the MEWS. To tackle these problems, we propose a CIoT-based MEWS to slash the fatalities of flash floods. To extend the… More >

R. Neelaveni^1,*, B. Sridevi², J. Sivasankari³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.42, No.2, pp. 523-533, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.021433

Abstract Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) are the possible and ideal solution for meeting the spectrum needs of next-generation communication systems. CRN is a promising alternative approach that allows spectrum sharing in many applications. The licensed users considered Primary Users (PU) and unlicensed users as Secondary Users (SU). Time and power consumption on security issues are considered degrading factors in performance for improving the Quality of Service (QoS). Irrespective of using different optimization techniques, the same methodology is to be updated for the task. So that, learning and optimization go hand in hand. It ensures the security in CRN, risk factors in… More >

D. Arivudainambi¹, S. Mangairkarasi^1,*, K. A. Varun Kumar²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 1525-1540, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020463

Abstract Cognitive Radio (CR) aims to achieve efficient utilization of scarcely available radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing in CR is a basic process for identifying the existence or absence of primary users. In spectrum sensing, CR users suffer from deep fading effects and it requires additional sensing time to identify the primary user. To overcome these challenges, we frame Spectrum Prediction-Channel Allocation (SP-CA) algorithm which consists of three phases. First, clustering mechanisms to select the spectrum coordinator. Second, Eigenvalue based detection method to expand the sensing accuracy of the secondary user. Third, Bayesian inference approach to reduce the performance degradation of the… More >

Bayan Al-Amri¹, Gofran Sami², Wajdi Alhakami^1,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.42, No.1, pp. 133-148, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.021543

Abstract The vast revolution in networking is increasing rapidly along with technology advancements, which requires more effort from all cyberspace professionals to cope with the challenges that come with advanced technology privileges and services. Hence, Cognitive Radio Network is one of the promising approaches that permit a dynamic type of smart network for improving the utilization of idle spectrum portions of wireless communications. However, it is vulnerable to security threats and attacks and demands security mechanisms to preserve and protect the cognitive radio networks for ensuring a secure communication environment. This paper presents an effective secure MAC protocol for cognitive radio… More >

Noor Gul^1,2, Saeed Ahmed^1,3, Atif Elahi⁴, Su Min Kim¹, Junsu Kim^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 369-387, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022260

Abstract Since the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT), several researchers have been exploring its productivity to utilize and organize the spectrum assets. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is characterized as the best aspirant for wireless communications to augment IoT competencies. In the CR networks, secondary users (SUs) opportunistically get access to the primary users (PUs) spectrum through spectrum sensing. The multipath issues in the wireless channel can fluster the sensing ability of the individual SUs. Therefore, several cooperative SUs are engaged in cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to ensure reliable sensing results. In CSS, security is still a major concern for… More >

Afiya Kiran¹, Ahmad Karim^2,*, Yasser Obaid Alharbi³, Diaa Mohammed Uliyan³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 183-197, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021860

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be termed as an auto-configured and infrastructure-less wireless networks to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure and motion etc. WSNs may comprise thousands of Internet of Things (IoT) devices to sense and collect data from its surrounding, process the data and take an automated and mechanized decision. On the other side the proliferation of these devices will soon cause radio spectrum shortage. So, to facilitate these networks, we integrate Cognitive Radio (CR) functionality in these networks. CR can sense the unutilized spectrum of licensed users and then use these empty… More >

Imran Khan¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi², Marwa Obayya³, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁴, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁴, Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani⁵, Hirofumi Amano⁶, Samih M. Mostafa^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 697-715, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021847

Abstract With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the spectrum resources are increasingly strained which needs optimal solutions. Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the key technologies to solve this problem. Spectrum sensing not only includes the precise detection of the communication signal of the primary user (PU), but also the precise identification of its modulation type, which can then determine the a priori information such as the PU’ service category, so as to use this information to make the cognitive user (CU) aware to discover and use the idle spectrum more effectively, and improve the spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing… More >

Zilong Jin^1,2, Chengbo Zhang¹ , Kan Yao³ , Dun Cao⁴ , Seokhoon Kim⁵, Yuanfeng Jin^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5991-6005, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021498

Abstract

Cognitive radio devices can utilize the licensed channels in an opportunistic manner to solve the spectrum scarcity issue occurring in the unlicensed spectrum. However, these cognitive radio devices (secondary users) are greatly affected by the original users (primary users) of licensed channels. Cognitive users have to adjust operation parameters frequently to adapt to the dynamic network environment, which causes extra energy consumption. Energy consumption can be reduced by predicting the future activity of primary users. However, the traditional prediction-based algorithms require large historical data to achieve a satisfying precision accuracy which will consume a lot of time and memory space.… More >

Nitin Mittal¹, Harbinder Singh¹, Vikas Mittal², Shubham Mahajan³, Amit Kant Pandit³, Mehedi Masud⁴, Mohammed Baz⁵, Mohamed Abouhawwash^6,7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 3821-3835, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020592

Abstract Cognitive Radio (CR) has been developed as an enabling technology that allows the unused or underused spectrum to be used dynamically to increase spectral efficiency. To improve the overall performance of the CR system it is extremely important to adapt or reconfigure the system parameters. The Decision Engine is a major module in the CR-based system that not only includes radio monitoring and cognition functions but also responsible for parameter adaptation. As meta-heuristic algorithms offer numerous advantages compared to traditional mathematical approaches, the performance of these algorithms is investigated in order to design an efficient CR system that is able… More >

Xiaoli He¹, Yu Song^2,3,*, Yu Xue⁴, Muhammad Owais⁵, Weijian Yang¹, Xinwen Cheng¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 195-212, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.017105

Abstract Spectrum resources are the precious and limited natural resources. In order to improve the utilization of spectrum resources and maximize the network throughput, this paper studies the resource allocation of the downlink cognitive radio network with non-orthogonal multiple access (CRN-NOMA). NOMA, as the key technology of the fifth-generation communication (5G), can effectively increase the capacity of 5G networks. The optimization problem proposed in this paper aims to maximize the number of secondary users (SUs) accessing the system and the total throughput in the CRN-NOMA. Under the constraints of total power, minimum rate, interference and SINR, CRN-NOMA throughput is maximized by… More >