Muhammad Qasim^1,2, Syed M. Adnan Shah¹, Qamas Gul Khan Safi¹, Danish Mahmood², Adeel Iqbal^3,*, Ali Nauman³, Sung Won Kim^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4429-4445, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065060 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Grains are the most important food consumed globally, yet their yield can be severely impacted by pest infestations. Addressing this issue, scientists and researchers strive to enhance the yield-to-seed ratio through effective pest detection methods. Traditional approaches often rely on preprocessed datasets, but there is a growing need for solutions that utilize real-time images of pests in their natural habitat. Our study introduces a novel two-step approach to tackle this challenge. Initially, raw images with complex backgrounds are captured. In the subsequent step, feature extraction is performed using both hand-crafted algorithms (Haralick, LBP, and Color… More >

Zhipeng Qin^1,2,*, Hanbing Yan³, Biyang Zhang², Peng Wang², Yitao Li³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5811-5829, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063308 - 19 May 2025

Abstract With the widespread adoption of encrypted Domain Name System (DNS) technologies such as DNS over Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), traditional port and protocol-based traffic analysis methods have become ineffective. Although encrypted DNS enhances user privacy protection, it also provides concealed communication channels for malicious software, compelling detection technologies to shift towards statistical feature-based and machine learning approaches. However, these methods still face challenges in real-time performance and privacy protection. This paper proposes a real-time identification technology for encrypted DNS traffic with privacy protection. Firstly, a hierarchical architecture of cloud-edge-end collaboration is designed, incorporating More >

Qin Wang¹, Xiaofeng Wang^2,*, Jianghua Li², Ruidong Han², Zinian Liu¹, Mingtao Guo³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4607-4621, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063141 - 19 May 2025

Abstract The majority of current deepfake detection methods are constrained to identifying one or two specific types of counterfeit images, which limits their ability to keep pace with the rapid advancements in deepfake technology. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel algorithm, Stereo Mixture Density Network (SMNDNet), which can detect multiple types of deepfake face manipulations using a single network framework. SMNDNet is an end-to-end CNN-based network specially designed for detecting various manipulation types of deepfake face images. First, we design a Subtle Distinguishable Feature Enhancement Module to emphasize the differentiation between authentic and forged… More >

Abdullah M. Alnajim^1,*, Faisal Mohammed Alotaibi^2,#, Sheroz Khan^3,#

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4515-4535, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063139 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are common network attacks that primarily target Internet of Things (IoT) devices. They are critical for emerging wireless services, especially for applications with limited latency. DDoS attacks pose significant risks to entrepreneurial businesses, preventing legitimate customers from accessing their websites. These attacks require intelligent analytics before processing service requests. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks exploit vulnerabilities in IoT devices by launching multi-point distributed attacks. These attacks generate massive traffic that overwhelms the victim’s network, disrupting normal operations. The consequences of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are typically… More >

Hui Xu, Jiahui Chen^*, Zhonghao Hu

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4495-4513, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062189 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Nowadays, abnormal traffic detection for Software-Defined Networking (SDN) faces the challenges of large data volume and high dimensionality. Since traditional machine learning-based detection methods have the problem of data redundancy, the Metaheuristic Algorithm (MA) is introduced to select features before machine learning to reduce the dimensionality of data. Since a Tyrannosaurus Optimization Algorithm (TROA) has the advantages of few parameters, simple implementation, and fast convergence, and it shows better results in feature selection, TROA can be applied to abnormal traffic detection for SDN. However, TROA suffers from insufficient global search capability, is easily trapped in… More >

Jin Liu^1,2, Xiu Zhang¹, Xiao Hu², Gaofeng Yuan², Kai Chen^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.4, pp. 665-680, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.063296 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Objective: This study examines the significance and functions of CLDN9 in gastric cancer (GC), intending to identify novel targets for diagnosis and treatment. Methods: CLDN9 expression in GC tissues and cell lines was investigated in TCGA data, with analysis with Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical analyses. Correlations between clinicopathological characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed with Cox regression. The effect of CLDN9 knockdown/overexpression on tumorigenic functions (proliferation, migration, and invasion) was assessed using CCK-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Tumor-bearing assays were performed to verify the impact of CLDN9 knockdown on… More >

Jae Hyeong Kim¹, Yuna Youn¹, Jin-Hyeok Hwang^1,2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.4, pp. 681-700, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062144 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Objectives: SLFN11 (Schlafen-11) enhances sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents (DDAs) and DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors in various cancer types. However, its function in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains largely unknown. This research aims to investigate the expression patterns of SLFN11 and other SLFN family members in PC and their correlation with drug sensitivity. Methods: SLFN11 expression and genetic alterations were analyzed using publicly available datasets (TCGA and GTEx). Functional studies, including cell cycle, apoptosis assays, and proliferation assays, were performed in SLFN11-knockdown and SLFN11-knockout (KO) PC cells. The relationship between SLFN11 expression and drug responsiveness was assessed via the CellMiner… More >

Jasem Almotiri^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 2109-2142, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062923 - 16 April 2025

Abstract The evolving field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis has greatly benefited from deep learning models for analyzing brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. This study introduces Dynamic GradNet, a novel deep learning model designed to increase diagnostic accuracy and interpretability for multiclass AD classification. Initially, four state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, the self-regulated network (RegNet), residual network (ResNet), densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet), and efficient network (EfficientNet), were comprehensively compared via a unified preprocessing pipeline to ensure a fair evaluation. Among these models, EfficientNet consistently demonstrated superior performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and… More >

Mohamed Medani¹, Yahia Said², Nashwan Adnan Othman^3,4, Farrukh Yuldashev⁵, Mohamed Kchaou⁶, Faisal Khaled Aldawood⁶, Bacha Rehman^7,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 1049-1070, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.063405 - 11 April 2025

Abstract Satellite images are widely used for remote sensing and defence applications, however, they are subject to a variety of threats. To ensure the security and privacy of these images, they must be watermarked and encrypted before communication. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel watermarked satellite image encryption scheme based on chaos, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence, and hash algorithm. The watermark image, DNA sequence, and plaintext image are passed through the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-512) to compute the initial condition (keys) for the Tangent-Delay Ellipse Reflecting Cavity Map (TD-ERCS), Henon, and Duffing chaotic maps, respectively. Through More >

Mehmet Fidan¹, Behcet Inal^2,*, Mesut Sırrı³, Bülent Hallaç⁴, Ulutas Mehmet Sefa¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 781-791, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062171 - 31 March 2025

Abstract The use of conventional herbal medicines is a rapidly expanding phenomenon in developed nations. For instance, 30%–50% of all drug use in China is attributed to traditional herbal preparations. Current study evaluated the antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP), total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial activity, and DNA damage protective potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts and roots of Cymbocarpum wiedemannii Boiss., an endemic plant in Turkey. In antioxidant analyses, the methanolic extract of the aerial parts showed the highest %DPPH (73.38) and IC50 (3.46 mg/mL) values. The FRAP analysis revealed the highest iron-reducing… More > Graphic Abstract