Kui Hu, Peng Zhang^*, Xiang Xiao, Yuan Xu, Yunhuang Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Zhiyuan Feng

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.078340 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The rapid development of gas-cooled microreactors (GMRs) for remote and modular power supply necessitates highly efficient and autonomous core power monitoring systems. Traditional monitoring systems, such as those deployed in commercial power plants, rely on dense in-core instrumentation, whereas due to the limitation of space and simplicity in hardware designs, only sparse ex-core detectors are employed in microreactor designs. To address this challenge, this study proposes an advanced online power reconstruction approach based on the higher-order harmonic expansion. A dedicated higher-order harmonic calculation module was developed within a multi-group diffusion framework, capable of executing rapid… More >

Tianhui Zhao¹, Jingbo Zhao¹, Peishuai Li^2,*, Hongjin Pan¹, Zhe Chen¹, Bingcheng Cen¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.076964 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Virtual power plants (VPPs) serve as an effective means to aggregate and manage large-scale distributed energy resources (DERs). They can supply multiple electricity commodities—including electric energy, reserve capacity, and carbon allowances—to power systems. This paper proposes a coordinated market clearing and operation (CMCO) method for VPPs involved in trading multiple electricity commodities. First, we establish a bi-level CMCO framework that integrates the energy, reserve, and carbon markets. At the upper level, we build a distribution system decision model designed to minimize the total system costs, which cover wholesale market transactions and trades between VPPs involving… More >

Shengya Liu¹, Wei Bian^1,2, Linan Li^1,*, Yang Xue^1,2, Jingxun Yin³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074804 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Offshore wind energy plays a critical role in achieving global decarbonization goals, while the dynamic response mechanisms of megawatt-scale turbines under complex environmental conditions remain insufficiently characterized. Current research often oversimplifies the effects of monopile flexibility and its interaction with soil dynamics, leading to gaps in dynamic predictions. To address this limitation, this study develops a comprehensive 15-degree-of-freedom dynamic model for a 22 MW monopile offshore wind turbine (OWT) that incorporates nonlinear pile flexibility and soil-structure interaction through p-y and Q-z curves. The integrated analytical framework, established using Euler-Lagrange equations, enables coupled analysis of… More > Graphic Abstract

Jiyuan Liao¹, Jiangyan Zhao^2,*, Xin Li³, Changmao Liu¹, Banghong Tang¹, Zihan Ling³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074667 - 06 August 2026

Abstract To address the uncertainty and volatility of renewable energy while meeting the requirements of low-carbon economic operation, this paper proposes a two-stage robust optimal dispatch model for an integrated wind-solar-hydro-thermal-storage energy system with coupled power-to-gas (P2G) and carbon capture system (CCS). First, a mathematical model of the integrated wind-solar-hydro-thermal-storage energy system with P2G-CCS coupling is developed to promote internal carbon cycling and enhance the capability to accommodate renewable energy. Second, the scheduling problem is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization model. A cardinality-based uncertainty set is adopted to model deviations in renewable energy output, and… More >

Qianpeng Hao^*, Qiang Li, Changyuan Yu, Deqing Zhang, Wenze Li, Yaowen Liu, Chao Wang, Chengran Song, Xiyu Feng, Xingchao Guo

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074324 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Driven by the “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” strategic goals, high penetration of renewable energy poses severe challenges to power system flexibility. Unlocking the adjustable potential of demand-side industrial loads has become a critical pathway for constructing new-type power systems. To address the limitations of existing research, including single-dimensional characterisation of adjustable potential, insufficient consideration of both best and worst solutions in evaluation methods, and a lack of cluster coordination perspectives, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional adjustable potential assessment and priority ranking method for industrial loads. Firstly, based on the Affinity Propagation (AP) and k-means… More >

Yujie Shi, Guoxing Wu^*, Qingwei Wang, Xieli Fu, Wenfeng Yang

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074213 - 06 August 2026

Abstract This study proposes an optimized ensemble learning framework for energy-efficiency assessment in low-voltage distribution networks by integrating multiple data sources. The framework integrates heterogeneous data from smart meters, SCADA systems, meteorological stations, and network topology databases, employing advanced feature engineering to extract 89 essential predictors from 147 initial features. Three gradient boosting algorithms—Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM—are combined through an elastic net stacking strategy with Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. The stacking ensemble achieved superior performance with an MAE of 118.4 kWh, an RMSE of 164.2 kWh, an MAPE of 3.98%, and an R² of 0.952, representing 16.8%… More >

Kewen Li, Xiaoyong Yu, Shifeng Ou^*, Jueming Pan

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073825 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar power) into distribution grids and the development of new, source–grid–load–storage coordinated power systems have led to a substantial expansion in the volume of situational awareness data in the distribution networks. Moreover, the transmission of low-voltage distribution measurement data via a power line carrier (PLC) is often susceptible to packet loss and, consequently, data gaps. To address these issues, this paper proposes a data completion method using a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) integrated with a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN). This approach leverages the… More >

Li Sun, Fanjun Zeng, Hongbo Liu, Chenglian Ma^*, Qiting Zhang, Jingzhou Zhu

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073405 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The widespread integration of large-scale wind power has resulted in decreased equivalent inertia in power systems, thereby compromising their frequency regulation (FR) capabilities. Conventional synthetic inertia control faces challenges under stochastic wind conditions, including inadequate utilization of rotor kinetic energy in high wind condition regions and the risk of triggering rotor speed stability limits in low wind condition regions. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, a parameter adaptive synthetic virtual inertial control (SVIC) framework based on wind speed partition is proposed. The control mechanisms are designed differently across partitioned wind condition intervals: in high-wind-speed More >

Qiang Liu¹, Yongqiang Zhou¹, Chaoyang Lu², Zhen Yan¹, Gangui Yan², Cheng Yang^2,*, Yupeng Wang²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073028 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The increasing proportion of power generated by new energy has meant that grid-forming energy storage has become a key method for improving power grid flexibility. However, the small disturbance stability problem has become an important challenge. The issue is that grid-forming energy storage is prone to low-frequency oscillation under strong grid conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a multi damping torque model to analyze the small signal stability of grid-forming energy storage converters. The impact of grid strength, operating conditions, and control parameters on the damping characteristics of the low-frequency oscillation by the system was quantitatively More >

Yujie Yan^1,2, Na An², Yanling Wang^1,*, Xiongwei Liu², Cheng Ji², Shu Jiang³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070608 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing technology is regarded as the most prevalent and effective means for unlocking tight natural fractured sandstone reservoirs and understanding the fracture and pre-existing natural fracture interaction is critical in the hydraulic fracturing design. Based on the global cohesive element model, the geological and engineering parameters were compared to explore the stimulation effectiveness. Numerical simulations demonstrate that when hydraulic fractures encounter natural fractures, various phenomena such as sliding, termination, and crossing occur, demonstrating the complex mechanical interaction. As the joint fracture energy (JFE) increases, a decrease in the total length and width of the… More >