Yuhe Wang^1,2, Haijun Sun³, Yaqiong Hao^2,4, Xiancan Zhu¹, Ju Min^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1735-1750, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063868 - 27 June 2025

Abstract Over the past three decades, the expansion of intensive vegetable farming in southern China has led to excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application, causing substantial N and P runoff losses. This study investigated four major vegetable production regions in southern China—the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (U-YR), the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River (ML-YR), the Southeast Coast (SC), and the Pearl River basin (PR)—analyzing 175 published articles to characterize spatiotemporal patterns of N and P fertilizer applications and associated runoff losses from 1992 to 2021. The result showed that the… More >

Andris Berzins^1,2, Ramunas Tupciauskas^1,*, Gunars Pavlovics¹, Martins Andzs¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1189-1207, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0067 - 23 June 2025

Abstract This study examines the development of loose-fill thermal insulation materials derived from annual plant residues, such as wheat straw, water reeds, and corn stalks, processed using the chemimechanical pulping (CMP) technique. The chopped plants were soda-cooked for 30 min, varying NaOH concentration (2%–8% on a dry basis of biomass), and mechanically refined using different disc types. The CMP process enhances the homogeneity and stability of defibrated material, yielding improved insulation properties compared to untreated chopped raw materials. Chemical analysis revealed that CMP increases cellulose content and reduces lignin levels, enhancing water retention and vapor diffusion… More > Graphic Abstract

Tongtong Wang^1,#, Zhenhui Pan^2,#, Di Zhang², Hui Shi^1,2,*, Murat Yılmaz³, Amit Kumar⁴, Gaurav Sharma⁴, Tao Liu^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1103-1137, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0043 - 23 June 2025

Abstract With the rapid development of industry, the environmental problems caused by heavy metal arsenic and antimony are becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of arsenic and antimony pollution in the water environment. Renewable carbon-based materials, as a kind of adsorbent widely used in wastewater treatment, have been the focus of scholars’ research for many years. In this review, the preparation methods, characteristics, and applications of renewable carbon-based materials (biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) for the removal of arsenic and antimony are described in detail. Based on adsorption kinetics,… More > Graphic Abstract

Maazen Alsabaan¹, Zaid Bin Faheem², Yuanyuan Zhu², Jehad Ali^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 491-512, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064971 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Image watermarking is a powerful tool for media protection and can provide promising results when combined with other defense mechanisms. Image watermarking can be used to protect the copyright of digital media by embedding a unique identifier that identifies the owner of the content. Image watermarking can also be used to verify the authenticity of digital media, such as images or videos, by ascertaining the watermark information. In this paper, a mathematical chaos-based image watermarking technique is proposed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), chaotic map, and Laplacian operator. The DWT can be used to decompose… More >

Atheer Alrammahi^1,2, Hedieh Sajedi^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 887-918, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063866 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Ensuring digital media security through robust image watermarking is essential to prevent unauthorized distribution, tampering, and copyright infringement. This study introduces a novel hybrid watermarking framework that integrates Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT), and Möbius Transformations (MT), with optimization of transformation parameters achieved via a Genetic Algorithm (GA). By combining frequency and spatial domain techniques, the proposed method significantly enhances both the imperceptibility and robustness of watermark embedding. The approach leverages DWT and RDWT for multi-resolution decomposition, enabling watermark insertion in frequency subbands that balance visibility and resistance to attacks. RDWT,… More >

Zhengzheng Cao¹, Shuaiyang Zhang¹, Cunhan Huang^2,*, Feng Du^3,4, Zhenhua Li^3,4, Shuren Wang¹, Wenqiang Wang^3,4, Minglei Zhai^3,4

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 1007-1028, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.062738 - 30 May 2025

Abstract Karst collapse columns typically appear unpredictably and without a uniform spatial arrangement, posing challenges for mining operations and water inrush risk assessment. As major structural pathways for mine water inrush, they are responsible for some of the most frequent and severe water-related disasters in coal mining. Understanding the mechanisms of water inrush in these collapse columns is therefore essential for effective disaster prevention and control, making it a key research priority. Additionally, investigating the developmental characteristics of collapse columns is crucial for analyzing seepage instability mechanisms. In such a context, this paper provides a comprehensive… More > Graphic Abstract

Chinedu Nwaigwe^1,2,*, Abdon Atangana²

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 1239-1259, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.059925 - 30 May 2025

Abstract In the early stages of oil exploration, oil is produced through processes such as well drilling. Later, hot water may be injected into the well to improve production. A key challenge is understanding how the temperature and velocity of the injected hot water affect the production rate. This is the focus of the current study. It proposes variable-viscosity mathematical models for heat and water saturation in a reservoir containing Bonny-light crude oil, with the aim of investigating the effects of water temperature and velocity on the recovery rate. First, two sets of experimental data are… More >

Elhoucein Layati^*, Omaima Elkbichi, Bahija Choukri, Mohamed El Ghachi

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 277-300, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.063846 - 30 May 2025

Abstract Awareness of the impact of climate change, urbanization, population growth, and anthropogenic pressure on surface waters has led to the need for specialized studies on groundwater potential. Groundwater is an important source of freshwater, particularly in regions where surface water is scarce. With climate change, the need to rely on these waters to cope with water shortages and rising demand is becoming increasingly apparent. Remote sensing, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the Geographic Information System (GIS) are advanced spatial tools used in this study to assess groundwater potential in the Oued Lakhdar watershed, which… More >

Wensheng Zhou^1,2, Chen Liu^1,2, Deqiang Wang^1,2, Bin Wang³, Yaguang Qu^4,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2337-2354, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062530 - 29 May 2025

Abstract The J oilfield in the Bohai has a long development history and has undergone comprehensive adjustment measures, including water injection and polymer injection. Following these adjustments, the injection and production well network now features coexistence of both polymer injection wells and water injection wells, which has negatively impacted production dynamics. Firstly, based on the adjusted reservoir well network in the J oilfield, a representative water-polymer co-injection well network was established. Subsequently, a numerical simulation model of this typical reservoir unit was developed using reservoir numerical simulation methods to confirm the interference issues associated with water-polymer More >

Walaa M. Hashim, Israa S. Ahmed, Ayad K. Khlief^*, Raed A. Jessam, Ameer Abed Jaddoa

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2485-2501, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061630 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Achieving broadband solar thermal absorption via dilute nanofluids is still a daunting challenge since the absorption peaks of common metal particles are usually located in the visible part of the radiation spectrum. This paper aims to present the results of experimental investigations on the thermal performance of heat pipe-type evacuated solar collectors. The experimented system consists of 15 tubes, providing the hot nanofluid to 100-L storage in a closed flow loop. The solar collector with a gross area of 2.1 m² is part of the solar hot water test system located in Baghdad-Iraq. Al₂O₃ nanofluid at… More >