Abdullah Abdullah^1,*, Ghulam Mohi Ud Din², Tipu Sultan³, Muhammad Aleem¹, Muhammad Shareef Shazil¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.077023 - 31 March 2026

Abstract Turbulent flow over gravel beds in open channels is a fundamental yet complex problem in hydraulic engineering, as flow behavior is highly sensitive to channel geometry and bed roughness. In this study, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method coupled with the standard k-ε turbulence model is employed to simulate air-water interactions over gravel beds, with open boundary conditions capturing realistic channel-atmosphere interactions. Numerical simulations are performed to examine how channel design influences the relationship between the friction factor (f) and the Reynolds number (RN). Velocity and VOF contours indicate peak flow near the inlet, with… More > Graphic Abstract

Mojgan Mohammadi¹, Naser Khaji^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.078945 - 30 March 2026

Abstract The failure of liquid storage tanks, one of the most critical infrastructure systems widely used, during severe earthquakes can have direct or indirect impacts on public safety. The significance of their safe performance even after destructive earthquakes and their potential for operational use underscores the necessity of appropriate seismic design. Hence, seismic isolation, specifically base isolation, has gained attention as a seismic control method to reduce damage to these infrastructures by increasing their vibration period. One prevalent type of seismic isolator used for tanks and other structures is the friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator. However,… More >

Ryul Kim, Young Hwan Choi^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.077480 - 30 March 2026

Abstract Leakage events occurring at multiple locations simultaneously generate overlapping and topology-dependent pressure signatures, making reliable detection and subsequent restoration planning a persistent challenge in water distribution systems (WDSs). While recent data-driven techniques have improved the ability to identify anomalous hydraulic behavior, most approaches remain limited to the detection stage and offer little guidance on how utilities should prioritize repairs once multiple failures are identified. To bridge this gap, this study proposes an integrated framework that links topology-aware leakage detection with quantitative restoration prioritization. First, a multi-task learning framework based on Graph Attention Networks (GAT) is… More >

Md. Mottahir Alam¹, Mohammed K. Al Mesfer^2,3, Haroonhaider Sidhwa⁴, Mohd Danish^2,3, Asif Irshad Khan⁵, Tauheed Khan Mohd^6,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.077236 - 30 March 2026

Abstract Ground water is a crucial ecological resource and source of drinking water to a great percentage of the world population. The quality of groundwater in an area with industrial emission and air pollution is an especially important issue that requires proper evaluation. This paper introduces a spatiotemporal deep learning model that incorporates the use of metaheuristic optimization in predicting groundwater quality in various pollution contexts. The given method is a combination of the Spatial–Temporal-Assisted Deep Belief Network (StaDBN) and a hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm and Tiki-Taka Algorithms (WOA–TTA) that would model intricate patterns of contamination.… More >

Antun Pfeifer^1,*, Dongran Song², Mohamed Talaat Moustafa³, Neven Duić^1,4

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.079714 - 27 March 2026

Abstract The energy transition increasingly requires holistic approaches that integrate electricity, heating and cooling, water management, industrial processes, transport, and environmental considerations within coherent system frameworks. Such integration is essential for achieving deep decarbonisation while maintaining reliability, affordability, and resource efficiency across diverse regional and sectoral contexts. This Special Issue of Energy Engineering presents selected contributions from the 2024 Conferences on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES), reflecting recent advances in modelling, system integration, and technology deployment. The included papers address a broad spectrum of challenges relevant to integrated energy–water–environment systems. These include building-sector… More >

Polina A. Tretyakova^*, Alexey P. Belkin, Alexander A. Rumyantsev, Anna A. Menshikova

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.075393 - 27 March 2026

Abstract Limited adoption of solar energy in the Northwestern region of Russia is associated with insufficient data on annual solar radiation indicators and on the potential of solar collectors for water heating. The study aims to evaluate the potential of solar water heating for domestic use in Northwestern Russia, using Tyumen city as the case. In this region, the number of cloudy days ranges from 5% to 50%, with cloud cover increasing in winter. New data on the total solar radiation, availability duration, and cloud cover have been collected. Solar irradiance could reach 900 MJ/m² during summer… More >

Achille Désiré Betené Omgba^1,2,*, Cheryle Manfouo Tchoupmene¹, Benoit Ndiwe^1,2,*, Antonios N. Papadopoulos³, Remy Legrand Ndoumou Belinga¹, Julien Clerc Obam¹, Christel Cedrig Laris Nsi Ongo¹, Ioanna A. Papadopoulou⁴, Armel Brice Mvogo^1,2, Fabien Betené Ebanda^1,2, Atangana Ateba^1,2, Antonio Pizzi⁵

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0201 - 25 March 2026

Abstract The high hydrophilicity of pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) limits their use in cement- and gypsum-based composites exposed to moisture. This study evaluates, for the first time, the combined effect of palm kernel oil and beeswax on the hygroscopic resistance and mechanical stability of PALF. The fibres were functionalised with three formulations (oil, wax, and a 1:2 oil/wax blend) applied at different mass ratios (CR = 0.5–2). Treatments increased the average bundle diameter by up to +46% (238 μm) and reduced density down to 1.06 g/cm³. Hygroscopically, water absorption decreased from 202.4% (raw fibres) to 76.3% (CR… More > Graphic Abstract

Awanda Wira Anggini^1,2, Rita Kartika Sari^1,*, Dede Hermawan¹, Muhammad Iqbal Maulana², Wahyu Hidayat³, Bora Jeong⁴, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis^2,5,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0114 - 25 March 2026

Abstract Recent advancements in developing tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins have unlocked new possibilities for sustainable and eco-friendly wood adhesives. Unlike conventional polyurethane, NIPUs eliminate hazardous isocyanates, offering safer alternatives for industrial applications. Tannin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, plays a pivotal role in enhancing these resins’ fire-resistance and super-hydrophobic properties. This review highlights key developments in synthesizing tannin-based NIPU, focusing on various polymerization techniques such as polyaddition, polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, and rearrangement. These strategies contribute to improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to water absorption. Recent studies demonstrate that tannin-based NIPU adhesives meet or… More > Graphic Abstract

Run Jiao, Qingyuan Hou, Ziyu Jiang, Hongxia Wang^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.075967 - 12 March 2026

Abstract Mesh models are among the primary representations for storing 3-D objects, encapsulating detailed geometric information. 3-D mesh watermarking, in particular, plays a central role in the protection of 3-D content. However, frequency-domain methods rely on complex parameterization and spectral decomposition, which are sensitive to mesh topology and resolution and often introduce perceptible artifacts. Spatial-domain techniques, on the other hand, typically embed watermarks in global or randomly selected regions, leading to visible distortions and reduced robustness. To address the above limitations and protect model copyright without compromising the original aesthetic quality, we propose a deterministice PCA-synchronized… More >

Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb¹, Amira G. Mohamed², Mehtab Singh³, Hassan Yousif Ahmed⁴, Medien Zeghid⁴, Abu Sufian A. Osman^5,*, Sami Mourou⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.075669 - 12 March 2026

Abstract This paper presents an image encryption scheme for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems based on dynamically generated hyperchaotic S-boxes, aiming to enhance both data security and transmission performance in underwater environments. The proposed encryption approach provides strong confusion and diffusion properties and is evaluated over five Jerlov water types with different optical attenuation characteristics. Security analysis demonstrates that the encrypted images achieve information entropy values close to the ideal value of 8 (7.9925–7.9993), with very low correlation coefficients in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions, as well as the system achieves high values in key… More >