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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effects of Biochar Particle Size on Methane Emissions from Rice Cultivation

    Patikorn Sriphirom1,2, Amnat Chidthaisong1,2,3, Kazuyuki Yagi1,2, Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen4, Sudarut Tripetchkul5, Sirintornthep Towprayoon1,2,3,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.10, pp. 1199-1214, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.010826

    Abstract Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane (CH4) emissions from rice cultivation. Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood, the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed. This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH4 production, oxidation, and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil, based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects. Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons, either with 0.5–2 mm (small, SB) or with… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The Role of Biochar to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion: A Review

    Shuai Tang1, Zixin Wang2, Zhidan Liu1, Yuanhui Zhang2, Buchun Si1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.9, pp. 1033-1052, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.011887

    Abstract Biochar, one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass, possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity, pore adsorption, surface functional groups, and cation exchange capacity. Anaerobic digestion (AD) as a classical bio-wastes conversion technology, suffers from inhibitions, process instability, and methanogenic inefficiency which limit its effi- ciency. With the advantages of pH buffering, functional microbes enrichment, inhibitors alleviating, and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) accelerating, biochar suggests a promising application as additives for AD. Herein, this paper reviewed the noting physicochemical properties of biochar, and discussed its roles and related mechanisms in AD. Further, this paper highlighted the advantages… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cadmium Ion by Ash-Free Biochars

    Li Fu1,2, Xianying Xu1,2,*, Guiquan Fu2, Renduo Zhang3, Hujun Liu2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.7, pp. 801-818, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.09369

    Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium ion (Cd(II)) by ash-free biochars and the adsorption mechanism. Biochars were prepared using peanut shell, bamboo, and Sophora japonica Linn. Ash-free biochars were obtained by treating the biochars with acid elution. Adsorption and desorption data from batch experiments were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models and three adsorption kinetics models (i.e., the Pseudo second-order, Elovich model, and the Intraparticle diffusion models). Results showed that the acid elution improved the pore structure of biochars, increased C content and aromatic functional group content, enhanced biochars hydrophobicity and… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Combined Role of ACC Deaminase Producing Bacteria and Biochar on Cereals Productivity under Drought

    Subhan Danish1,2, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 217-227, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08523

    Abstract Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements. Under changing climate scenario, the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal crops. Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent, but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress. Higher biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported. Many scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an efficacious tool to overcome this problem. These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biochar Application Enhanced Post-Heading Radiation Use Efficiency in Field-Grown Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

    Xiaohong Yin, Zui Tao, Jiana Chen, Fangbo Cao, Min Huang*, Yingbin Zou

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 415-422, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08962

    Abstract It has been shown that adding biochar to soil can improve nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, there is a lack of research on the physiological alterations of rice as a result of the changes in nitrogen uptake due to the addition of biochar. This study conducted field experiments in 2015 and 2016 with the goal of testing the hypothesis that the application of biochar would enhance radiation use efficiency (RUE) of rice by improving the plant’s ability to take in and utilize nitrogen. Our results demonstrated that the application of biochar (20 t ha−1More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biochar-Induced Priming Effects in Young and Old Poplar Plantation Soils

    Weiwei Lu1,*, Yirui Zhang1, Yixian Yao1, Yuying Wu1, Han Y. H. Chen2, Hailin Zhang3, Jia Yu4, Caiqin Shen5, Qi Liu6, Honghua Ruan1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 13-26, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09125

    Abstract The priming effect (PE) induced by biochar provides a basis for evaluating its carbon (C) sequestration potential in soils. A 60 days’ laboratory incubation was conducted, which involved the amendment of biochar (1% of soil mass) produced from rice straw at 300ºC (B300) and 500ºC (B500) to young (Y) and old (O) poplar plantation soils, with the aim of studying the responses of biochar-induced PEs to poplar plantation ages. This incubation included six treatments: Y + CK (control), Y + B300, Y + B500, O + CK, O + B300, and O + B500. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were significantly… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biochar Application Improves the Drought Tolerance in Maize Seedlings

    A. Sattar1,*, A. Sher1,*, M. Ijaz1, M. Irfan2, M. Butt1, T. Abbas1, S. Hussain2, A. Abbas1, M. S. Ullah3, M. A. Cheema4

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.4, pp. 379-388, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.04784

    Abstract Application of biochar to agricultural soils is mostly used to improve soil fertility. Experimental treatments were comprised of two factors: i) drought at two level, i.e., 80% and 40% water holding capacity (WHC) which was maintained on gravimetric basis ii) three levels of biochar i.e., control, 2 t ha-1 and 4 t ha-1 added to soil. Experimentation was done to examine potential of biochar application to enhance the growth attributes, water relations, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants activities in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Results of study revealed that biochar application increased the growth qualities (total seedlings biomass, dry weight of… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biochar Production and Application in Forest Soils-A Critical Review

    Lina Gogoi1, Rumi Narzari1, Nirmali Gogoi2, Muhammad Farooq3, Rupam Kataki1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.4, pp. 349-365, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.08406

    Abstract The increasing deforestation with an alarming rate is the prime cause of upsetting the balance in the natural ecosystem and the livelihood of local communities. Sustainable forest management and reforestation efforts can equilibrium this destruction and maintain the protected areas. In this regard, soil management strategies for reforestation of the degraded forest land can be helpful. In this review, the potential of using biochar, a solid carbon rich product of biomass thermochemical conversion, as a soil amendment in forest soils has been discussed. The production procedures of biochar, availability of feedstocks and the biochar properties are discussed using the existing… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biochar Effectively Reduces Ammonia Volatilization From Nitrogen-Applied Soils in Tea and Bamboo Plantations

    Lei Chu, H. M. K. Darshika Hennayake, Haijun Sun*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.3, pp. 261-267, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.07791

    Abstract Intensive practices in forest soils result in dramatic nitrogen (N) losses, particularly ammonia (NH3) volatilization, to adjacent environmental areas. A soil column experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bamboo biochar on NH3 volatilization from tea garden and bamboo forest soils. The results showed that biochar amendment effectively reduced NH3 volatilization from tea garden and bamboo forest soil by 79.2% and 75.5%, respectively. The soil pH values increased by 0.53-0.61 units after biochar application. The NH4+-N and total N of both soils were 13.8-29.7% and 34.0-41.9% higher under the biochar treatments than under the control treatment, respectively. In addition,… More >

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