M. Hashim Dahri¹, M. H. Jamaluddin², M. Inam³, M. R. Kamarudin⁴, F. C. Seman⁴, A. Y. I. Ashyap⁴, Z. A. Shamsan^5,*, K. Almuhanna⁵, F. Alorifi⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6085-6101, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031532

Abstract A reflectarray antenna consisting of asymmetrical patch elements is proposed, which is capable of producing dual linear and dual circular polarized operation at 26 GHz frequency. The main purpose of this design is to support four different polarizations using the same patch element. The proposed reflectarray has a single layer configuration with a linearly polarized feed and circular ring slots in the ground plane. Asymmetric patch element is designed from a square patch element by tilting its one vertical side to some optimized inclination. A wide reflection phase range of 600° is obtained with the asymmetric… More >

Hasnain Kashif^*, Muhammad Nasir Khan

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6001-6017, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031291

Abstract Recently, free space optical (FSO) communication is gaining much attention towards the research community. The reason for this attention is the promises of high data-rate, license-free deployment, and non-interfering links. It can, however, give rise to major system difficulties concerning alignment and atmospheric turbulence. FSO is the degradation in the signal quality because of atmospheric channel impairments and conditions. The worst effect is due to fog particles. Though, Radio Frequency (RF) links are able to transmit the data in foggy conditions but not in rain. To overcome these issues related to both the FSO and… More >

Samer Alabed^*, Mohammad Al-Rabayah, Wael Hosny Fouad Aly

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5641-5653, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030371

Abstract Rotman lens, which is a radio frequency beam-former that consists of multiple input and multiple output beam ports, can be used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications as a beam steering device. The input ports collect the signals to be propagated through the lens cavity toward the output ports before being transmitted by the antenna arrays to the destination in order to enhance the error performance by optimizing the overall signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this article, a low-cost Rotman lens antenna is designed and deployed to enhance the overall performance of the conventional… More >

YUNHUI ZHOU, YAJIE LIU, WENNA ZHAO, FEI CHEN, YUDAN WANG, CHUNXUE YANG

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.11, pp. 2465-2474, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.021016

Abstract Salinization has led to the deterioration of the ecological environment, affected the growth of plants, and hindered the development of agriculture and forestry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as important soil microorganisms, play significant physiological and ecological roles in promoting plant nutrient absorption and improving soil structure. Puccinellia tenuiflora (Turcz.) Scribn. et Merr. in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland was selected as the research object to observe AM fungal colonization of the roots and explore the species and diversity of AM fungi in symbiotic association with P. tenuiflora. This study showed that AM fungi colonized in P. tenuiflora roots and formed… More >

XIAOJUN ZHOU^*, XIAOYU LU, XUBO WANG

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.11, pp. 2489-2495, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.020311

Abstract Euptelea pleiosperma is a characteristic species of East Asian flora with both ornamental and scientific values. Based on the reduced-representation sequencing (RRS) technology of RAD-Seq, this study conducted high-throughput Illumina paired-end sequencing to find SSR marker information in the genome of E. pleiosperma, and to screen and verify polymorphism of SSR markers. We obtained 5.5G of high-quality data using RAD-Seq. The total number of contigs of the RAD tags was 299,376, with the maximum contig length of 2,062 bp and the average length of 445 bp. From these sequences, we identified 20,718 SSR loci, with a distribution… More >

Shen Zhang¹, Yongqi Jian¹, Bingjing Yan², Jin Jin¹, Jiasen Wu¹, Chenfei Liang¹, Juan Liu^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1745-1756, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021076

Abstract The impact of land consolidation on the soil microbial PLFA diversity is of great importance for understanding the effective arable land usage, improving agricultural ecological conditions and environment. In this study, we collected the soil samples (0–20 cm) in experimental plots with 0 (Z₀), 1 (Z_1a) and 4 (Z_4a) years of land consolidation in the forest station of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The results were analyzed using ANOVA for randomized block design. Compared with control (Z₀), the soil pH value under Z_1a treatment increased by 14.6%, soil organic carbon (SOC) content decreased by 65.4%, so did… More >

José Carmen Soto-Correa¹, Abraham Saldaña-Vega¹, Víctor Hugo Cambrón-Sandoval¹, Laura Concostrina-Zubiri², Mariela Gómez-Romero^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 827-840, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017929

Abstract Lichens are symbiotic organisms that comprise a fungus and a photosynthetic partner wich are recognized as a good indicator of climate change. However, our understanding of how aridity affects the diversity of saxicolous lichens in drylands is still limited. To evaluate the relationship between saxicolous lichen diversity and aridity in a central México dryland, a geographical transect was established of 100 km to build an aridity gradient in the semiarid zone of the State of Querétaro, Mexico, comprising ten sampling sites with a 10 km separation. Species richness, abundance and diversity of soil lichen species were recorded… More >

Sumei Li, Qing Wang, Peng Wang, Shuan Wang, Rutong Yang, Ya Li^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.3, pp. 617-632, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017741

Abstract Carpinus oblongifolia is an endemic species and the extant wild populations show a fragmentation distribution in the Baohua Mountain of Jiangsu Province in eastern China. Understanding of genetic diversity plays an important role in C. oblongifolia survival and sustainable development. The wild C. oblongifolia population was artificially divided into four subpopulations according to the microhabitats, and another two subpopulations were constructed by progeny seedlings cultivated with the mature seeds. Then, the leaf buds of 80 individuals from six subpopulations were sampled to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Based on these SNPs, we… More >

S. Sudha Mercy^1,*, J. M. Mathana², J. S. Leena Jasmine³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 589-604, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021068

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) encompasses several tiny devices termed as Sensor Nodes (SN) that have restriction in resources with lower energy, memory, together with computation. Data Aggregation (DA) is required to optimize WSN for secured data transmission at Cluster Head (CH) together with Base Station (BS). With regard to the Energy Efficiency (EE) along with the privacy conservation requirements of WSN in big-data processing and aggregation, this paper proposed Diversity centered Adaptive Moth-Flame Optimization (DAMFO) for Optimal Path Selection (OPS) and DA in WSN. In the proposed work, initially, the Trust Evaluation (TE) process is… More >

Samer Alabed^*, Issam Maaz, Mohammad Al-Rabayah

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 999-1015, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019758

Abstract Single-relay selection techniques based on the max-min criterion can achieve the highest bit error rate (BER) performance with full diversity gain as compared to the state-of-the-art single-relay selection techniques. Therefore, in this work, we propose a modified max-min criterion by considering the differences among the close value channels of all relays while selecting the best relay node. The proposed criterion not only enjoys full diversity gain but also offers a significant improvement in the achievable coding gain as compared to the conventional one. Basically, in this article, an improved bi-directional three-phase single-relay selection technique using… More >