Surajo Muhammad^1,*, Jun Jiat Tiang¹, Sew Kin Wong¹, Jamel Nebhen², Amjad Iqbal¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 487-501, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018292 - 04 June 2021

Abstract This paper proposed the design of a dual-port rectifier with multi-frequency operations. The RF rectifier is achieved using a combination of L-section inductive impedance matching network (IMN) at Port-1 with a multiple stubs impedance transformer at Port-2. The fabricated prototype can harvest RF signal from GSM/900, GSM/1800, UMTS/2100, Wi-Fi/2.45 and LTE/2600 frequency bands at (0.94, 1.80, 2.10, 2.46, and 2.63 GHz), respectively. The rectifier occupies a small portion of a PCB board at 0.20 λg × 0.15 λg. The proposed circuit realized a measured peak RF-to-dc (radio frequency direct current) power conversion efficiency (PCE) of… More >

R. Punithavathi¹, Chinnarao Kurangi², S. P. Balamurugan³, Irina V. Pustokhina⁴, Denis A. Pustokhin⁵, K. Shankar^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 433-449, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018231 - 04 June 2021

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises a massive number of arbitrarily placed sensor nodes that are linked wirelessly to monitor the physical parameters from the target region. As the nodes in WSN operate on inbuilt batteries, the energy depletion occurs after certain rounds of operation and thereby results in reduced network lifetime. To enhance energy efficiency and network longevity, clustering and routing techniques are commonly employed in WSN. This paper presents a novel black widow optimization (BWO) with improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm (BWO-IACO) for cluster based routing in WSN. The proposed BWO-IACO algorithm involves… More >

Noor Shakir Mahmood¹, Ahmed Ali Ajmi¹, Shamsul Sarip^2,*, Khairur Rijal Jamaludin², Hazilah Mad Kaidi², Hayati Abdul Talib²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 895-911, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018012 - 04 June 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has directly impacted the electric power industry; the energy sector has experienced huge losses in electricity production. These losses have also affected the reliability of communication and employees’ performance, hence destabilizing the electric power system. This article aims at achieving two objectives. First, analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the communication of performance (human error and human factors) and energy management in electricity production. Second, to develop a conceptual framework model to alleviate effects of the pandemic on the power sector and then improve energy management and human performance. This… More >

Abu Jahid¹, Mohammed H. Alsharif², Raju Kannadasan³, Mahmoud A. Albreem⁴, Peerapong Uthansakul^5,*, Jamel Nebhen⁶, Ayman A. Aly⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 81-98, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017711 - 04 June 2021

Abstract The Internet subscribers are expected to increase up to 69.7% (6 billion) from 45.3% and 25 billion Internet-of-things connections by 2025. Thus, the ubiquitous availability of data-hungry smart multimedia devices urges research attention to reduce the energy consumption in the fifth-generation cloud radio access network to meet the future traffic demand of high data rates. We propose a new cell zooming paradigm based on joint transmission (JT) coordinated multipoint to optimize user connection by controlling the cell coverage in the downlink communications with a hybrid power supply. The endeavoring cell zooming technique adjusts the coverage… More >

Mohammed Baljon, Shailendra Mishra^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 129-144, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017509 - 04 June 2021

Abstract Energy harvesting (EH) technology in wireless communication is a promising approach to extend the lifetime of future wireless networks. A cross-layer optimal adaptation policy for a point-to-point energy harvesting (EH) wireless communication system with finite buffer constraints over a Rayleigh fading channel based on a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) is investigated. Most adaptation strategies in the literature are based on channel-dependent adaptation. However, besides considering the channel, the state of the energy capacitor and the data buffer are also involved when proposing a dynamic modulation policy for EH wireless networks. Unlike the channel-dependent policy, which… More >

Sankar Sennan¹, Somula Ramasubbareddy², Anand Nayyar^3,4, Yunyoung Nam^5,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash^6,7

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 351-371, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017360 - 04 June 2021

Abstract Energy conservation is a significant task in the Internet of Things (IoT) because IoT involves highly resource-constrained devices. Clustering is an effective technique for saving energy by reducing duplicate data. In a clustering protocol, the selection of a cluster head (CH) plays a key role in prolonging the lifetime of a network. However, most cluster-based protocols, including routing protocols for low-power and lossy networks (RPLs), have used fuzzy logic and probabilistic approaches to select the CH node. Consequently, early battery depletion is produced near the sink. To overcome this issue, a lion optimization algorithm (LOA)… More >

Mohammed H. Alsharif¹, Mahmoud A. Albreem², Abu Jahid³, Kannadasan Raju⁴, Peerapong Uthansakul^5,*, Jamel Nebhen⁶, Venkatesan Chandrasekaran⁴, Ayman A. Aly⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 661-677, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017059 - 04 June 2021

Abstract Green wireless networking is an emerging area for many societies, especially academia and industry, in light of economic and ecological perspectives. Empowering wireless infrastructures exploiting green power sources can enhance sustainability due to the adverse effects of conventional power sources and atmospheric circumstances. Moreover, the specific power supply requirements for a base station (BS), such as cost effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, and reliability, can be met by utilizing technological advances in renewable energy. Numerous drivers and motivators are involved in the deployment of renewable energy technologies and the transition toward green energy. Renewable energy is free,… More >

Yinhe Bu¹, Xingping Zhang^1,2,3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.118, No.4, pp. 1095-1109, 2021, DOI:10.32604/EE.2021.015893 - 31 May 2021

Abstract With the explosive growth of variable renewable energy, the balance between the supply and demand of the power grid is faced with new challenges. Based on the development experience from typical countries and the state quo in China, this paper further analyzes the system architecture and development trend of demand response under the background of Energy Internet. Five dimensions are considered: Energy Internet platform, demand response application scenarios, system architecture, information technology system construction, and demand response development trend. The results show that the application of the Energy Internet platform can effectively solve the problems More >

Sandhia Bai¹, A. K. Amirruddin¹, A. K. Pandey^2,*, M. Samykano^1,*, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad³, Kamal Sharma⁴, V. V. Tyagi⁵

Energy Engineering, Vol.118, No.4, pp. 737-759, 2021, DOI:10.32604/EE.2021.016157 - 31 May 2021

Abstract The global increase in energy demand has resulted in the depletion of non-renewable resources and caused environmental degradation. Consequently, emerging renewable technologies are a potential solution to fulfil energy demand and mitigate the effect of global warming. Low-cost solar energy harvesting technologies are most feasible technologies. Various solar cells technologies have been developed with improved overall performance and conversion efficiency. However, due to low cost and a wide range of applications, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been immensely focused on one of the most promising third-generation solar cells. The highest conversion efficiency of DSSC achieved… More >

Ruma Arora Soni^1,*, K. Sudhakar^1,3,4,*, R. S. Rana²

Energy Engineering, Vol.118, No.4, pp. 1045-1056, 2021, DOI:10.32604/EE.2021.016082 - 31 May 2021

Abstract Spirulina is a sort of algae that grows in both fresh and seawater. It is considered the Earth’s most nutritionally dense food. Certain claims about Spirulina’s beneficial health properties are attributed to the relatively high protein content of the cells. Spirulina’s lipid, fatty acid profile, and biochemical composition have received little attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and decomposition of spirulina biomass at various temperatures. In the present investigation, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis were used to study spirulina biomass biochemical characteristics. The optimal content of… More >