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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enforcing a Source-end Cooperative Multilevel Defense Mechanism to Counter Flooding Attack

    Saraswathi Shunmuganathan*

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.1, pp. 67-79, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.023858

    Abstract The exponential advancement in telecommunication embeds the Internet in every aspect of communication. Interconnections of networks all over the world impose monumental risks on the Internet. A Flooding Attack (FA) is one of the major intimidating risks on the Internet where legitimate users are prevented from accessing network services. Irrespective of the protective measures incorporated in the communication infrastructure, FA still persists due to the lack of global cooperation. Most of the existing mitigation is set up either at the traffic starting point or at the traffic ending point. Providing mitigation at one or the other end may not be… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Prediction of Low-Permeability Reservoirs Performances Using Long and Short-Term Memory Machine Learning

    Guowei Zhu*, Kangliang Guo, Haoran Yang, Xinchen Gao, Shuangshuang Zhang

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1521-1528, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.020942

    Abstract In order to overcome the typical limitations of numerical simulation methods used to estimate the production of low-permeability reservoirs, in this study, a new data-driven approach is proposed for the case of water-driven hypo-permeable reservoirs. In particular, given the bottlenecks of traditional recurrent neural networks in handling time series data, a neural network with long and short-term memory is used for such a purpose. This method can reduce the time required to solve a large number of partial differential equations. As such, it can therefore significantly improve the efficiency in predicting the needed production performances. Practical examples about water-driven hypotonic… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Model for the Connectivity of Horizontal Wells in Water-Flooding Oil Reservoirs

    Chenyang Shi1,2,3, Fankun Meng1,2,3,*, Hongyou Zhang4, HuiJiang Chang4, Xun Zhong1,2,3, Jie Gong1,2,3, Fengling Li5

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1441-1468, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019788

    Abstract As current calculation models for inter-well connectivity in oilfields can only account for vertical wells, an updated model is elaborated here that can predict the future production performance and evaluate the connectivity of horizontal wells (or horizontal and vertical wells). In this model, the injection-production system of the considered reservoir is simplified and represented with many connected units. Moreover, the horizontal well is modeled with multiple connected wells without considering the pressure loss in the horizontal direction. With this approach, the production performance for both injection and production wells can be obtained by calculating the bottom-hole flowing pressure and oil/water… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Study of CO2 Flooding to Improve Development Effect in Conglomerate Reservoirs

    Haihai Dong1, Yaguang Qu2,3,*, Ming Liu4, Lei Zhang1, Jiakun Wu5

    Energy Engineering, Vol.119, No.4, pp. 1681-1695, 2022, DOI:10.32604/ee.2022.019843

    Abstract For low permeability sandstone reservoirs, CO2 flooding has been proved to be an effective method to enhance oil recovery. Reservoir A is a typical conglomerate reservoir in Xinjiang oilfield. The reservoir has strong water sensitivity, and the injection pressure continues to rise. Furthermore the oil well pressure continues to drop. According to the screening conditions of CO2 flooding, the reservoir A can easily achieve CO2 miscible flooding with moderate temperature. And the reservoir has the advantage of being close to the gas source. Firstly, the relationship curve between CO2 oil displacement efficiency and oil displacement pressure was obtained by changing… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Screening and evaluation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for waterlogging tolerance at seedling stage

    MD. REZWAN MOLLA1,2,4, MD. MOTIAR ROHMAN2,*, MD. ROBYUL ISLAM1,2, MIRZA HASANUZZAMAN3,*, LUTFUL HASSAN4

    BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.7, pp. 1613-1627, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.019243

    Abstract Waterlogging is an illustrious abiotic stress and the constrictions it enforces on plant roots have negative effects on growth and development. This study was undertaken to investigate waterlogging stress tolerant potential in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes through evaluating morphological, physiological, biochemical and anatomical parameters. Thirty-five days old seedlings of 10 chilli genotypes were exposed to waterlogging stress maintaining water height 3–5 cm over the soil surface artificially for three days. This duration (36–38 DAE) was termed as waterlogging period, and subsequent withdrawal of waterlogging condition (39–45 DAE) was regarded as a recovery phase. Based on their survival performance, two… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Efficient and Reliable Multicasting for Smart Cities

    Faheem Khan1, Muhammad Zahid2, Hüseyin Gürüler3, Ilhan Tarimer3, Taegkeun Whangbo1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.1, pp. 663-678, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022934

    Abstract The Internet of thing (IoT) is a growing concept for smart cities, and it is compulsory to communicate data between different networks and devices. In the IoT, communication should be rapid with less delay and overhead. For this purpose, flooding is used for reliable data communication in a smart cities concept but at the cost of higher overhead, energy consumption and packet drop etc. This paper aims to increase the efficiency in term of overhead and reliability in term of delay by using multicasting and unicasting instead of flooding during packet forwarding in a smart city using the IoT concept.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Oil Production Optimization by Means of a Combined “Plugging, Profile Control, and Flooding” Treatment: Analysis of Results Obtained Using Computer Tomography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

    Yanyue Li1, Changlong Liu1, Wenbo Bao1,*, Baoqing Xue1, Peng Lv1, Nan Wang1, Hui Li1, Wenguo Ma2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 737-749, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019139

    Abstract

    Due to long-term water injection, often oilfields enter the so-called medium and high water cut stage, and it is difficult to achieve good oil recovery and water reduction through standard methods (single profile control and flooding measures). Therefore, in this study, a novel method based on “plugging, profile control, and flooding” being implemented at the same time is proposed. To assess the performances of this approach, physical simulations, computer tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance are used. The results show that the combination of a gel plugging agent, a polymer microsphere flooding agent, and a high-efficiency oil displacement agent leads to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Application of New Water Flooding Characteristic Curve in the High Water-Cut Stage of an Oilfield

    Xi Zhang1, Changquan Wang1,*, Hua Wu2, Xu Zhao2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 661-677, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019486

    Abstract The oil production predicted by means of the conventional water-drive characteristic curve is typically affected by large deviations with respect to the actual value when the so-called high water-cut stage is entered. In order to solve this problem, a new characteristic relationship between the relative permeability ratio and the average water saturation is proposed. By comparing the outcomes of different matching methods, it is verified that it can well reflect the variation characteristics of the relative permeability ratio curve. Combining the new formula with a reservoir engineering method, two new formulas are derived for the water flooding characteristic curve in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An IoT-Based Intrusion Detection System Approach for TCP SYN Attacks

    Abdelwahed Berguiga*, Ahlem Harchay

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3839-3851, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023399

    Abstract The success of Internet of Things (IoT) deployment has emerged important smart applications. These applications are running independently on different platforms, almost everywhere in the world. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), also referred as the healthcare Internet of Things, is the most widely deployed application against COVID-19 and offering extensive healthcare services that are connected to the healthcare information technologies systems. Indeed, with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of interconnected devices designed to create smart networks. These networks monitor patients from remote locations as well as tracking medication orders. However, IoT may be jeopardized by attacks… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    On the Development of an Effective Pressure Driving System for Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs

    Yapu Zhang1,2, Zhengming Yang1,2, Dajian Li3, Xuewei Liu1, Xinli Zhao1,2,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.17, No.6, pp. 1067-1075, 2021, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2021.016725

    Abstract Given its relevance to the exploitation of ultra-low permeability reservoirs, which account for a substantial proportion of the world’s exploited and still unexploited reserves, in the present study the development of an adequate water injection system is considered. Due to the poor properties and weak seepage capacity of these reservoirs, the water injection pressure typically increases continuously during water flooding. In this research, the impact on such a process of factors as permeability, row spacing, and pressure gradient is evaluated experimentally using a high-pressure large-scale outcrop model. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation coefficient is introduced able to account for… More >

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