L. Dong¹, S. N. Atluri²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.24, No.1, pp. 61-104, 2011, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2011.024.061

Abstract A simple procedure to formulate efficient and stable hybrid/mixed finite elements is developed, for applications in macro- as well as micromechanics. In this method, the strain and displacement field are independently assumed. Instead of using two-field variational principles to enforce both equilibrium and compatibility conditions in a variational sense, the independently assumed element strains are related to the strains derived from the independently assumed element displacements, at a finite number of collocation points within the element. The element stiffness matrix is therefore derived, by simply using the principle of minimum potential energy. Taking the four-node… More >

H. T. Chen¹,K. H. Hsu¹, S. K. Lee¹, L. Y. Haung¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 239-260, 2011, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2011.022.239

Abstract The inverse scheme of the finite difference method in conjunction with the least-squares scheme and experimental measured temperatures is proposed to solve a two-dimensional steady-state inverse heat conduction problem in order to estimate the natural-convection heat transfer coefficient under the isothermal situation [`h] iso from three vertical fins mounted on a vertical plate and fin efficiency hf for various values of the fin spacing and fin height. The measured fin temperatures and ambient air temperature are measured from the present experimental apparatus conducted in a small wind tunnel. The heat transfer coefficient on the middle More >

Zhuo-Jia Fu^1,2, Wen Chen¹, Qing-Hua Qin^2,3

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 187-208, 2011, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2011.021.187

Abstract This paper presents a hybrid finite element model (FEM) with a new type of general solution as interior trial functions, named as HGS-FEM. A variational functional corresponding to the proposed general solution is then constructed for deriving the element stiffness matrix of the proposed element model and the corresponding existence of extremum is verified. Then the assumed intra-element potential field is constructed by a linear combination of novel general solutions at the points on the element boundary under consideration. Furthermore, the independent frame field is introduced to guarantee the intra-element continuity. The present scheme inherits More >

Sadia^1,3 B, PC Josekutty², SD Potlakayala², P Patel², S Goldman³, SV Rudrabhatla²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.79, pp. 177-181, 2010, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2010.79.177

Abstract A robust protocol for culturing meristems of Sorghum is required to assist with rapid genetic improvement of the genus. Through meristem culture, an efficient method for rapid micropropagation was developed for Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. hybrids, namely NC+262, NC+6C21 and NC+6B50. Complete plants were regenerated directly from shoot meristems without an intervening callus phase. Regeneration frequencies varied between the studied genotypes and according to the growth regulator combinations present in the medium. The combination of BAP and TDZ showed a synergistic effect on shoot multiplication. The highest number of shoots per meristem (68 ± 2) was recorded More >

Franchini¹ MC, LF Hernández², LI Lindström³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.79, pp. 153-161, 2010, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2010.79.153

Abstract Wax in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pericarp is an important morphological feature that interferes with oil quality and varies with crop management and environmental conditions. We studied the effect of a moderate water deficit (MWD) generated from early to late anthesis on quantitative development of the cuticle, and qualitative and quantitative development of the cuticular waxes (CW) of the pericarp in two hybrids grown under field conditions. The experiment was repeated during two consecutive seasons (Exp-I and Exp-II). At harvest maturity (HM), plants grown under a MWD showed higher CW content (31 to 47%) and… More >

Alejandre Rosas¹ JA, ME Galindo Tovar², HE Lee Espinosa², OG Alvarado Gómez³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.79, pp. 87-94, 2010, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2010.79.087

Abstract Development of new sugarcane varieties allows to increase sucrose production and faces challenges as new pests and diseases, and soil fertility losses. The objective of this study was to contribute to expand molecular tools in selecting useful progenitors for hybridization programs. With this purpose, 14 RAPDs primers were pre-screened, and four of them which produced clearly resolved, reproducible and polymorphic fragment patterns were selected for genetic analysis of 22 sugarcane variety hybrids. These were used in the Estación de Hibridación at Tapachula, Chiapas, as progenitors in genetic improvement programs. Genetic distance analysis showed three main More >

Qiao Wang¹, Yu Miao^1,2, Junjie Zheng¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 123-152, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.070.123

Abstract In this paper, a fast formulation of the hybrid boundary node method (Hybrid BNM) for solving 3D elasticity is presented. Coupling modified variational principle with the Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation, the Hybrid BNM only requires discrete nodes constructed on the surface of a domain. The preconditioned GMERS is employed to solve the resulting system of equations. At each iteration step of the GMERS, the matrix-vector multiplication is accelerated by the fast multipole method (FMM). The fundamental solution of three-dimensional elasticity problem is expanded in terms of series. An oct-tree data structure is adopted to More >

Han-Taw Chen¹, Li-Shie Liu¹, Shin-Ku Lee¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.65, No.2, pp. 155-178, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.065.155

Abstract The finite difference method in conjunction with the least-squares scheme and experimental measured temperatures is proposed to solve a two-dimensional steady-state inverse heat conduction problem in order to predict the natural-convection heat transfer coefficient under the isothermal situation h^−iso from a three fin array mounted on a horizontal plate and fin efficiency η_f for various values of the fin spacing and fin height. The measured fin temperatures and ambient temperature are obtained from the present experimental apparatus conducted in a small wind tunnel. The heat transfer coefficient on a fin is non-uniform for the present problem,… More >

J.H. Tian^1,2, X. Han², S.Y. Long², G.Y. Sun², Y. Cao¹, G.Q. Xie³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.63, No.2, pp. 101-116, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.063.101

Abstract A transient heat conduction analysis of the functionally graded material (FGM) plates has been investigated based on the hybrid numerical method (HNM). HNM combines the layer element method with the method of Fourier transforms and proves to be efficient and reliable. The FGM plates are infinite large and the material properties vary continuously through thickness. The transient heat source acted on the FGM plates. The temperature distribution of the FGM plates is obtained in different time and different position. Some useful results for transient heat conduction are shown in figures. Applications of HNM to transient More >

Claire Heaney^1,2, Charles Augarde², Andrew Deeks²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.56, No.2, pp. 153-178, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.056.153

Abstract Meshless methods continue to generate strong interest as alternatives to conventional finite element methods. One major area of application as yet relatively unexplored with meshless methods is elasto-plasticity. In this paper we extend a novel numerical method, based on the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method, to the modelling of elasto-plastic materials. The extended method is particularly suitable for problems in geomechanics, as it permits inclusion of infinite boundaries, and is demonstrated here on footing problems. The current usage of meshless methods for problems involving plasticity is reviewed and guidance is provided in the choice of More >