Shile Liang^†, Meghan Hoskins^†, Cheng Dong^‡

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.7, No.2, pp. 77-91, 2010, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2010.007.077

Abstract To complete the metastatic journey, cancer cells have to disseminate through the circulation and extravasate to distal organs. However, the extravasation process, by which tumor cells leave a blood vessel and invade the surrounding tissue from the microcirculation, remains poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium (EC) and subsequent extravasation were investigated under various flow conditions. Results have shown polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) facilitate melanoma cell adhesion to the EC and subsequent extravasation by a shear-rate dependent mechanism. Melanoma cell-PMN interactions are mediated by the binding between intercellular More >

Ji Joong Moon¹, Seung Jo Kim¹, Minhyung Lee²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.59, No.3, pp. 275-300, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.059.275

Abstract This paper describes the parallelization of contact/impact simulation for fracture modeling of brittle materials using a node separation scheme (NSS). We successfully demonstrated the fracture modeling of brittle materials using a cohesive fracture model. Since a NSS continuously generates new free surfaces as the computation progresses, the methodology requires increased computational time. To perform a simulation within a reasonable time period, a parallelization study is conducted. Particular methods for effective parallelization, especially for brittle materials, are described in detail. The crucial and most difficult strategy is the management of the data structure and communication needed More >

Hui- Shen^1,2, Zheng Hong Zhu³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 155-182, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2010.018.155

Abstract This paper investigates the buckling and postbuckling of simply supported, nanocomposite plates with functionally graded nanotube reinforcements subjected to uniaxial compression in thermal environments. The nanocomposite plates are assumed to be functionally graded in the thickness direction using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) serving as reinforcements and the plates' effective material properties are estimated through a micromechanical model. The higher order shear deformation plate theory with a von Kármán-type of kinematic nonlinearity is used to model the composite plates and a two-step perturbation technique is performed to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical… More >

Hieu H. Pham¹, Tahir Ça ˇgın¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.16, No.2, pp. 175-194, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2010.016.175

Abstract We analyze the lattice dynamics of Fe in different crystal phases (bcc, fcc and hcp) by using density-functional theory. The study on equations of states indicates that bcc Fe is more stable than fcc and hcp Fe at low pressures. However, dynamical instabilities in lattice vibrations of bcc Fe predict a phase transformation from bcc to hcp at higher pressures. We reported a complete set of second-order and third-order elastic constants of Fe in these three phases. We observed a linear variation in the values of second order elastic constant as a function of increased More >

E. Hayward¹, C. Deo¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.16, No.2, pp. 101-116, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2010.016.101

Abstract Damage cascades representative of those that would be induced by neutron irradiation have been simulated in systems of pure iron and iron containing 0.01 at.% hydrogen. Results from molecular dynamics simulations using three different embedded-atom method (EAM) type potentials are compared for primary knock-on atom energies of 5, 10, and 20 keV to assess the effect of hydrogen on the primary damage state. We examine the influence of hydrogen on the primary damage state due to a single radiation cascade. These results can serve as an atomistic database for methods and simulations for long time More >

ANDREA P. RODRIGUEZ, HIDETSUGU TSUJIGIWA, MEHMET GUNDUZ, BEYHAN CENGIZ, NORIYUKI NAGAI, RYO TAMAMURA, SILVIA S. BORKOSKY, TOHRU TAKAGI, MIHO INOUE, HITOSHI NAGATSUKA*

BIOCELL, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 39-47, 2009, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2009.33.039

Abstract Progenitor cells play an important biological role in tooth and bone formation, and previous analyses during bone and dentine induction have indicated that they may be a good alternative for tissue engineering. Thus, to clarify the influence of the microenvironment on protein and gene expression, MDPC23 cells (mouse dental papilla cell line) and KUSA/A1 cells (bone marrow stromal cell line) were used, both in vitro cell culture and in intra-abdominal diffusion chambers implanted in 4-week-old male immunodefficient mice (SCID mice). Our results indicate that KUSA/A1 cells differentiated into osteoblast-like cells and induced bone tissue inside the More >

Ivo Černý¹, Václav Linhart²

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 73-86, 2009, DOI:10.3970/sdhm.2009.005.073

Abstract The experimental programme described in the paper was aimed at an evaluation of fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate and threshold conditions in a reactor pressure vessel steel in laboratory air and in simple aqueous environment. Though the main target of the work was to enlarge the data basis for possible future needs of defect and risk assessment, an emphasis was put on an evaluation of crack growth mechanisms. It was shown that despite some recent works infirming crack closure phenomenon itself or methods of its evaluation, crack closure explained near-threshold fatigue crack behaviour in the More >

Deyi Zhang¹, Yuequan Bao, Feng Zhou, Hui Li

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 65-72, 2009, DOI:10.3970/icces.2009.012.065

Abstract Modal identification is essential in structural health monitoring (SHM) because that the modal parameters are often used for model updating and damage detection. However, in practical situations, the variation of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, temperature gradients, humidity, etc.) will impede the reliability of modal identification. In this paper, firstly, the relation of frequency change and variation of environment temperature of space structure is investigated. Then, a structural state assessment method by combing autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and PCA is proposed. The acceleration data from China National Aquatics Center is employed as an example. The results More >

Takéhiko Nakama¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.9, No.4, pp. 233-242, 2009, DOI:10.3970/icces.2009.009.233

Abstract Random noise perturbs objective functions in a variety of practical optimization problems, and genetic algorithms (GAs) have been widely proposed as an effective optimization tool for dealing with noisy objective functions. In this paper, we investigate GAs applied to objective functions that are perturbed by multiple sources of additive and multiplicative noise that each take on finitely many values. We reveal the convergence properties of GAs by constructing and analyzing a Markov chain that explicitly models the evolution of the algorithms in noisy environments. Our analysis shows that this Markov chain is indecomposable; it has… More >

Gang Lin¹, Yinghua Liu^1,2, Zhihai Xiang¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.47, No.3, pp. 217-252, 2009, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2009.047.217

Abstract Deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to chloride ingress followed by reinforcement corrosion is a serious problem all over the world, therefore prediction of chloride profiles is a key element in evaluating durability and integrity of RC structures exposed to chloride environment. In the present paper, an integrated finite element-based computational framework is developed for predicting service life of RC structures exposed to chloride environment, which takes environment temperature and humidity fluctuations, diffusion and convection, chloride binding, as well as the decay of durability of structures caused by coupled deterioration processes into account. The… More >