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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biocomposite Films of Polylactic Acid Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers

    Galia Moreno, Karla Ramirez, Marianelly Esquivel, Guillermo Jimenez*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 9-20, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.00017

    Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite films reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were prepared by a solution casting procedure. In an attempt to improve the interaction between PLA and cellulose, two approaches were adopted; first, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a surfactant, and second, the cellulosic fibers were pre-treated using tert-butanol (TBA). Lignocellulosic and cellulosic substrates were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). MCC from PALF showed good thermal stability, left few residues after decomposing, and exhibited high crystallinity index. Mechanical, thermal More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Chilling effects after priming by nitric oxide applications on amelioration of leaf growth and photosynthetic pigments

    Bibi A1, SA Majid2, A Munir3, A Ulfat4, G Javed2, S Khatoon2, N Azhar2, S Ashraf2, S Aziz2, N Mumtaz2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 178-182, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.178

    Abstract Chilling stress on cereal crops is the major form of cold stress that appears in some regions, and causes significant losses by depressing seed germination, and seedling growth and establishment. Hormones have the ability to reduce the stress effects in crops by various mechanisms. To determine the role of nitric oxide in mitigating chilling damages in wheat, two trials were conducted and seven wheat varieties were used. Seeds of wheat varieties after priming using three different concentrations (0, 10-4, 10-5 M) of sodium nitroprusside as nitric oxide donor were grown under two growth conditions (control, 4… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Responses of leaf δ13C and leaf traits to precipitation and temperature in arid ecosystem of northwestern China

    Xin ZM1,2, MH Liu2, Q Lu1,3, CA Busso5, YJ Zhu1,3, Z Li2, YR Huang2, XL Li2, FM Luo2, F Bao1, JQ Qian4*, YH Li1,3*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 144-155, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.144

    Abstract Leaf δ13C is widely used to explain plant strategies related to resource availability in different environments. However, the coupled response of leaf δ13C to precipitation and temperature as well as the relationship between leaf δ13C and leaf traits remain unclear. The leaf δ13C and its relationship with leaf traits [leaf size (LS), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf length to width ratio (L:W), specific leaf area (SLA) and mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (Nmass)] were investigated on the dominant shrub species Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. in the arid region (Dengkou and Minqin) of northwestern China under the simulated increasing precipitation… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Lightweight Biobased Polyurethane Nanocomposite Foams Reinforced with Pineapple Leaf Nanofibers (PLNFs)

    Xiaojian Zhou1,2, Hui Wang1, Jun Zhang2, Zhifeng Zheng1, Guanben Du1,2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 68-74, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634150

    Abstract Pineapple leaf nanofibers (PLNFs) extracted from pineapple leaf fiber were used for reinforcing biobased polyurethane foam (BPU). The dispersion performance of PLNF in the foaming mixture system, nanocomposite foaming behavior, cell morphology, cell size, density, compressive strength and dimensional stability were investigated. The viscosity of the mixtures increased with increasing the PLNF content. The addition of a tiny amount of PLNF did not influence the exothermic temperature of the foam system, but reduced the expansion and gel time of the nanocomposite foams. This reduced time was found to increase the production efficiency. Scanning electron More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exact Solutions of the Cubic Duffing Equation by Leaf Functions under Free Vibration

    Kazunori Shinohara1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.115, No.2, pp. 149-215, 2018, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2018.02179

    Abstract Exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation with the initial conditions are presented. These exact solutions are expressed in terms of leaf functions and trigonometric functions. The leaf function r=sleafn(t) or r=cleafn(t) satisfies the ordinary differential equation dx2/dt2=-nr2n-1. The second-order differential of the leaf function is equal to -n times the function raised to the (2n-1) power of the leaf function. By using the leaf functions, the exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation can be derived under several conditions. These solutions are constructed using the integral functions of leaf functions sleaf2(t) and cleaf2(t) for More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Fiber Loadings and Treatment on Dynamic Mechanical, Thermal and Flammability Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Kenaf Phenolic Composites

    M. Asim1, M. Jawaid1,2*, M. Nasir3, N. Saba1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.4, pp. 383-393, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634162

    Abstract This study deals with the analysis of dynamic mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of treated and untreated pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and kenaf fiber (KF) phenolic composites. Results indicated that storage modulus was decreased for all composites with increases in temperature and pattern of slopes for all composites, having almost the same values of E' at glass transition temperature (Tg). The peak of the loss modulus of pure phenolic composites was shown to be much less. After the addition of kenaf/PALF, peaks were higher and shifted towards a high temperature. The Tan delta peak height More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose Obtained from Industrial Crop Waste Resources by Using Mild Acid Hydrolysis

    Galia Moreno, Karla Ramirez, Marianelly Esquivel, Guillermo Jimenez*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.4, pp. 362-369, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634167

    Abstract Cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and nanocellulose were prepared from three agricultural waste resources: pineapple leaf (PALF), banana rachis (BR), and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Each waste resource was first converted into microcrystalline cellulose which was subsequently converted into cellulose nanoparticles by using mild (30% w/v) and strong (60% w/v) sulfuric acid concentrations for extraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize each waste resource and extracted cellulosic materials. Furthermore, nanocelluloses were studied by zeta potential, size analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cellulose nanowhiskers were successfully obtained and More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Hybridization on the Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber/Kenaf Phenolic Hybrid Composites

    M. Asim1, M. Jawaid1,4*, K. Abdan2, M.R. Ishak3, O.Y. Alothman4,5

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 38-46, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634148

    Abstract In this study, pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), kenaf fiber (KF) and PALF/KF/phenolic (PF) composites were fabricated and their mechanical properties were investigated. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of the PALF/KF/PF hybrid composites were investigated and compared with PALF/KF composites. The 3P7K exhibited enhanced tensile strength (46.96 MPa) and modulus (6.84 GPa), flexural strength (84.21 MPa) and modulus (5.81 GPa), and impact strength (5.39 kJ/m2) when compared with the PALF/PF and KF/PF composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the tensile testing samples. The microstructure of the 7P3K More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Angle of Attack Between Blood Flow and Mitral Valve Leaflets in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: An In Vivo Multi-patient CT-based FSI Study

    Long Deng1, Xueying Huang2,3,*, Heng Zuo4, Yuan Zheng2, Chun Yang5, Yunhu Song1, Dalin Tang6

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 115-125, 2018, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04076

    Abstract The mechanisms of systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) remain unclear. To investigate the angle of attack between blood flow and mitral valve leaflets at pre-SAM time point, patient-specific CT-based computational models were constructed for 5 patients receiving septal myectomy surgery to obtain pre- and post-operative 2D vector flow mapping. The comparisons between pre- and post-operative angles of attack based on 2D vector flow mapping of 5 patients were performed. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-operative angles of attack (61.1±t More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of mixed salt stress on malondialdehyde, proteins and antioxidant enzymes of Leymus chinensis in three leaf colors

    Zhou C1,2, CA Busso3, YG Yang2, Z Zhang4, ZW Wang1, YF Yang5, XG Han1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.86, pp. 205-213, 2017, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2017.86.205

    Abstract The mixed salt stress is common in nature. Salt stress always affects plant growth. Different plant species have different adaptive capacity to salty soils. Leymus chinensis is an herbaceous plant with different leaf colors. However, little research was conducted to explore the different tolerance mechanisms to salt stress among the three different leaf colour genotypes of Leymus chinensis (grey green, transitional color, yellow green). Pot experiments for Leymus chinensis in three leaf colors were conducted under mixed salt treatments in 2010. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein concentrations, and the activity of various antioxidant enzymes [i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase… More >

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