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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of the Number of Loudspeakers on the Timbre in Horizontal and Mixed-Order Ambisoncis Reproduction

    Haiming Mai1, Bosun Xie1,2,*, Jianliang Jiang1, Dan Rao1, Yang Liu1

    Sound & Vibration, Vol.53, No.3, pp. 97-109, 2019, DOI:10.32604/sv.2019.04275

    Abstract Ambisonics is a series of flexible spatial sound reproduction systems based on spatial harmonics decomposition of sound field. Traditional horizontal and spatial Ambisonics reconstruct horizontal and spatial sound field with certain order of spatial harmonics, respectively. Both the Shannon-Nyquist spatial sampling frequency limit for accurately reconstructing sound field and the complexity of system increase with the increasing order of Ambisonics. Based on the fact that the horizontal localization resolution of human hearing is higher than vertical resolution, mixed-order Ambisonics (MOA) reconstructs horizontal sound field with higher order spatial harmonics, while reconstructs vertical sound field with lower order spatial harmonics, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Comparison on the Localization Performance of Static and Dynamic Binaural Ambisonics Reproduction with Different Order

    Jianliang Jiang1, Bosun Xie1,2,*, Haiming Mai1

    Sound & Vibration, Vol.53, No.1, pp. 25-36, 2019, DOI:10.32604/sv.2019.04259

    Abstract Ambisonics is a series of spatial sound reproduction system based on spatial harmonics decomposition and each order approximation of sound field. Ambisonics signals are originally intended for loudspeakers reproduction. By using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) filters, binaural Ambisonics converts the Ambisonics signals for static or dynamic headphone reproduction. In present work, the performances of static and dynamic binaural Ambisonics reproduction are evaluated and compared. The mean binaural pressure errors across target source directions are first analyzed. Then a virtual source localization experiment is conducted, and the localization performances are evaluated by analyzing the percentages of front-back and up-down confusion, the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Control Alternatives for Damping-Off in Tomato Seedling Production

    A. C. Michel-Aceves1, J. F. Díaz-Nájera1, R. Ariza-Flores2, M. A. Otero-Sánchez1, R. Escobar-Martínez1 and C. H. Avendaño-Arrazate3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.3, pp. 325-333, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.06777

    Abstract In two tomato genotypes, we assessed control alternatives for damping-off with combinations of chemical fungicides and native/commercial strains of biological agents. Forty treatments consisting of 19 levels of mixing products, chemical fungicides, native strains and commercial products from biological control agents, and untreated treatment were used onto Ramsés and Toro hybrids. They were distributed on an incomplete block design in divided plots arrangement, where genotypes constitute the larger ones and the 8-repetition mixed products, the smaller ones. Putting 180 mL of fungal complexes, made of spores and mycellium Fusarium-solani (2 × 106 UFC), Rhizoctonia-solani (1 × 106 UFC), Phytophthora-capsici (1… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Growth and production characters of elymus cylindricus in different shortening heading time

    Chengcheng Li1, Chan Zhou2, Yunfei Yang1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.1, pp. 55-61, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.04577

    Abstract Ramet modules in a certain population differ in terms of functions, which accounts for different contributions of the same ramets. Shortening heading time brings about different contributions of such modules. Ramets heading one after another were treated as a continuum in respective cohorts of Elymus cylindricus aged two. The reproductive ramets that head earlier were marked with tags every four days during the whole heading stage from the beginning to the end, after which all the labeled ramets at the maturity period were gathered. The results showed that, the height and biomass of ramets, the length and biomass of inflorescences,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Clean Production for Chrome Free Leather by Using a Novel Triazine Compound

    Lu Cui1,2,*, Xihuai Qiang1,2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 57-71, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.00118

    Abstract Based on a novel triazine compound, the properties of tanned leather and commercial feasibility in pilot scale have been investigated. Then this novel approach tanning was compared with conventional chrome tanning: in the condition of less-salt pickling and chrome free, the physicochemical properties including thermal stability and mechanical strength were analyzed. Meanwhile, the surface roughness and fiber dispersion were evaluated as well. The results show that the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the triazine compound tanned leather are similar to conventional chrome tanned leather, the fiber bundle is well-dispersed and much evener than that of chrome treating. The optimized… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Application of MES System in Offshore Oil and Gas Field Production Management

    Yong Chen1,*, Weihua Lan1, Chong Wang2

    Journal on Big Data, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 47-54, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jbd.2019.06282

    Abstract In order to solve information island problem of offshore oil and gas field production-related information system, including repetitive reporting and input of data, data isolation of central control system, inadequate follow-up analysis and development to support oil and gas field production management, and so on. Therefore, the introduction of MES (Manufacturing Execution System) production execution system in the manufacturing industry and downstream production of offshore oil has become an inevitable choice. This system utilizes the real-time database combined with relational database to collect the scattered structured data, such as the production process real-time data, production management documents and statistical tables… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enzymatic Conversion of Sugarcane Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Platform for the Production of Ethanol, Enzymes and Nanocellulose

    Cristiane S. Farinas*, José Manoel Marconcini, Luiz Henrique C. Mattoso

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 203-216, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.6341578

    Abstract The conversion of sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass into fuels, chemicals and high-value materials using the biochemical pathway is considered the most sustainable alternative for the implementation of future biorefineries. Actually, the first large-scale cellulosic ethanol plants that have started operating worldwide apply the enzymatic hydrolysis process to convert biomass into simple sugars that are fermented to ethanol by yeasts. However, several technological challenges still need to be addressed in order to obtain commercially competitive products. This review describes current challenges and perspectives regarding the enzymatic hydrolysis step for processing sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass within the biorefinery. Recent developments in terms of process… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Microfibrillated Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse as a Biorefinery Product for Ethanol Production

    Rafael Grande1*, Eliane Trovatti2, Maria Tereza B. Pimenta3, Antonio J. F. Carvalho1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 195-202, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2018.634109

    Abstract Research involving the preparation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from sugarcane bagasse is a relevant topic to the production of new nanomaterials and more accessible cellulose substrates for the production of second generation ethanol. Regarding the transformation of cellulose into glucose, the precursor of second generation ethanol, this nanosized cellulosic substrate represents a more appropriate material for the chemical hydrolysis process. The high aspect ratio of MFC improves hydrolysis, requiring mild conditions and decreasing the generation of by-products. Here, MFC was prepared from sugarcane bagasse by ultrasound defibrillation. This material was oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) to produce negatively charged high defibrillated… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Biomass and Heat Integration as Enhancers of Ethanol Production

    Reynaldo Palacios-Bereche1, Adriano Ensinas2, Marcelo Modesto1, Silvia Nebra1,3,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 183-194, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634175

    Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of increasing ethanol production by introducing the bagasse hydrolysis process into conventional distilleries. Simulations were performed for mass and energy balances using Aspen Plus® software. It was assumed that sugarcane trash and lignin cake—hydrolysis process residues—are available as supplementary fuel. Several cases were evaluated, including: (a) conventional ethanol distillery, (b) conventional plant combined with a hydrolysis process without heat integration, with different solid contents in the hydrolysis reactor, and (c) conventional plant combined with the hydrolysis process applying heat integration by pinch analysis. The highest ethanol yield was achieved in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Alternatives of Small-Scale Biorefineries for the Integrated Production of Xylitol from Sugarcane Bagasse

    Nicolás M. Clauser1*, Soledad Gutiérrez2, María C. Area1, Fernando E. Felissia1, María E. Vallejos1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 139-151, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634145

    Abstract Small-scale biorefinery from sugarcane bagasse offers new possibilities to the sugar and ethanol industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a small-scale biorefinery for the production of xylitol from sugarcane bagasse. The liquid fraction from the autohydrolysis treatment was selected as the source of sugars for xylitol and two scenarios were analyzed for the residual solid: ethanol or pellet production. A technical-economic analysis of alternatives was applied. The internal rate of return (IRR) was used to compare the selected proposals. The highest IRR values were obtained when processing 70,000 dry tons per year of bagasse.… More >

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