Anar A. Hady^∗

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.35, No.5, pp. 347-355, 2020, DOI:10.32604/csse.2020.35.347

Abstract In this paper, a Duty Cycling Centralized Hierarchical Protocol (DCCHP) has been proposed for wireless sensor networks. DCCHP is an energy efficient protocol that prolongs the lifetime of the network by applying a duty cycling mechanism named DCM that chooses the nodes that send unimportant data in a certain epoch to be candidates to be put to sleep. But if the proposed equations for choosing the cluster head nodes put any of them in a high priority it works in the active mode. When comparing DCCHP to the previously proposed LEACH-CS, LEACH-C protocols, using a More >

Yi-Chih Hsieh¹, Peng-Sheng You^2,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.26, No.4, pp. 703-713, 2020, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2020.010104

Abstract In this study we present a generalized museum visitor routing problem considering the preferences and congestion of multiple groups with each group having its own must-see and select-see exhibition rooms based on their preferences in exhibits. The problem aims to minimize the makespan of all groups. An effective encoding scheme is proposed to simultaneously determine the scheduling of exhibition rooms for all groups and an immune-based algorithm (IBA) is developed. Numerical results, compared with those of a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, on a museum in Taiwan are reported and discussed to show the More >

Shuqiao Liu, Junliang Li, Xiaojie Li^*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 135-144, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2020.09797 - 22 September 2020

Abstract In the deep learning field, “Capsule” structure aims to overcome the shortcomings of traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which are difficult to mine the relationship between sibling features. Capsule Net (CapsNet) is a new type of classification network structure with “Capsule” as network elements. It uses the “Squashing” algorithm as an activation function and Dynamic Routing as a network optimization method to achieve better classification performance. The main problem of the Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Brain MRI) recognition algorithm is that the difference between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) image, the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) image, and… More >

S. B. Manoojkumaar^{1, *}, C. Poongodi²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.65, No.2, pp. 1649-1670, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010781 - 20 August 2020

Abstract Maximizing network lifetime is measured as the primary issue in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). In geographically routing based models, packet transmission seems to be more appropriate in dense circumstances. The involvement of the Heuristic model directly is not appropriate to offer an effectual solution as it becomes NP-hard issues; therefore investigators concentrate on using Meta-heuristic approaches. Dragonfly Optimization (DFO) is an effective meta-heuristic approach to resolve these problems by providing optimal solutions. Moreover, Meta-heuristic approaches (DFO) turn to be slower in convergence problems and need proper computational time while expanding network size. Thus, DFO is More >

Jinhui Ge¹, Xiaoliang Liu^{2, *}, Guo Liang³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1945-1958, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010977 - 30 June 2020

Abstract With the expansion of the application scope of social computing problems, many path problems in real life have evolved from pure path optimization problems to social computing problems that take into account various social attributes, cultures, and the emotional needs of customers. The actual soft time window vehicle routing problem, speeding up the response of customer needs, improving distribution efficiency, and reducing operating costs is the focus of current social computing problems. Therefore, designing fast and effective algorithms to solve this problem has certain theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, considering the time delay… More >

Jingjian Chen¹, Gang Xu^{1, *}, Fengqi Wei¹, Liqiang He²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1845-1858, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010010 - 30 June 2020

Abstract Opportunistic networks are self-organizing networks that do not require a complete path between the source node and the destination node as it uses encounter opportunities brought by nodes movement to achieve network communication. Opportunistic networks routing algorithms are numerous and can be roughly divided into four categories based on different forwarding strategies. The Prophet routing algorithm is an important routing algorithm in opportunistic networks. It forwards messages based on the encounter probability between nodes, and has good innovation significance and optimization potential. However, the Prophet routing algorithm does not consider the impact of the historical… More >

Xinliang Tang¹, Man Zhang¹, Pingping Yu¹, Wei Liu², Ning Cao^{3, *}, Yunfeng Xu⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1725-1739, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010272 - 30 June 2020

Abstract In a large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN), densely distributed sensor nodes process a large amount of data. The aggregation of data in a network can consume a great amount of energy. To balance and reduce the energy consumption of nodes in a WSN and extend the network life, this paper proposes a nonuniform clustering routing algorithm based on the improved K-means algorithm. The algorithm uses a clustering method to form and optimize clusters, and it selects appropriate cluster heads to balance network energy consumption and extend the life cycle of the WSN. To ensure that More >

Jinyuan Li¹, Hao Li¹, Guorong Cui¹, Yan Kang^{1, *}, Yang Hu¹, Yingnan Zhou²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.2, pp. 925-940, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09903 - 10 June 2020

Abstract With continuous urbanization, cities are undergoing a sharp expansion within the regional space. Due to the high cost, the prediction of regional traffic flow is more difficult to extend to entire urban areas. To address this challenging problem, we present a new deep learning architecture for regional epitaxial traffic flow prediction called GACNet, which predicts traffic flow of surrounding areas based on inflow and outflow information in central area. The method is data-driven, and the spatial relationship of traffic flow is characterized by dynamically transforming traffic information into images through a two-dimensional matrix. We introduce… More >

Haijun Geng¹, Jiangyuan Yao^{2, *}, Yangyang Zhang³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.1, pp. 665-679, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09912 - 20 May 2020

Abstract Loop free alternate (LFA) is a routing protection scheme that is currently deployed in commercial routers. However, LFA cannot handle all single network component failure scenarios in traditional networks. As Internet service providers have begun to deploy software defined network (SDN) technology, the Internet will be in a hybrid SDN network where traditional and SDN devices coexist for a long time. Therefore, this study aims to deploy the LFA scheme in hybrid SDN network architecture to handle all possible single network component failure scenarios. First, the deployment of LFA scheme in a hybrid SDN network More >

Chao Guo^{1, *}, Juan Guo², Chanjuan Yu¹, Zhaobin Li¹, Cheng Gong³, Abdul Waheed⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.1, pp. 439-454, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09792 - 20 May 2020

Abstract Satellite networks have high requirements for security and data processing speed. In order to improve the reliability of the network, software-defined network (SDN) technology is introduced and a central controller is set in the network. Due to the characteristics of global perspective, control data separation, and centralized control of SDN, the idea of SDN is introduced to the design of the satellite network model. As a result, satellite nodes are only responsible for data transmission, while the maintenance of the links and the calculation of routes are implemented by the controller. For the massive LEO… More >