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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    EECLP: A Wireless Sensor Networks Energy Efficient Cross-Layer Protocol

    Mohammed Kaddi1,*, Mohammed Omari2, Moamen Alnatoor1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2611-2631, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052048 - 15 August 2024

    Abstract Recent advancements in wireless communications have allowed the birth of novel wireless sensor networks (WSN). A sensor network comprises several micro-sensors deployed randomly in an area of interest. A micro-sensor is provided with an energy resource to supply electricity to all of its components. However, the disposed energy resource is limited and battery replacement is generally infeasible. With this restriction, the sensors must conserve energy to prolong their lifetime. Various energy conservation strategies for WSNs have been presented in the literature, from the application to the physical layer. Most of these solutions focus only on… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Reputation-Based AODV Protocol for Blackhole and Malfunction Nodes Detection and Avoidance

    Qussai M. Yaseen1,2,*, Monther Aldwairi2,3, Ahmad Manasrah4,5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 1867-1888, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051179 - 15 August 2024

    Abstract Enhancing the security of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) improves the usability of their applications. Therefore, finding solutions to various attacks, such as the blackhole attack, is crucial for the success of WSN applications. This paper proposes an enhanced version of the AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) protocol capable of detecting blackholes and malfunctioning benign nodes in WSNs, thereby avoiding them when delivering packets. The proposed version employs a network-based reputation system to select the best and most secure path to a destination. To achieve this goal, the proposed version utilizes the Watchdogs/Pathrater mechanisms in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhancing Wireless Sensor Network Efficiency through Al-Biruni Earth Radius Optimization

    Reem Ibrahim Alkanhel1, Doaa Sami Khafaga2, Ahmed Mohamed Zaki3, Marwa M. Eid4,5, Abdyalaziz A. Al-Mooneam6, Abdelhameed Ibrahim7, S. K. Towfek3,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3549-3568, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049582 - 20 June 2024

    Abstract The networks of wireless sensors provide the ground for a range of applications, including environmental monitoring and industrial operations. Ensuring the networks can overcome obstacles like power and communication reliability and sensor coverage is the crux of network optimization. Network infrastructure planning should be focused on increasing performance, and it should be affected by the detailed data about node distribution. This work recommends the creation of each sensor’s specs and radius of influence based on a particular geographical location, which will contribute to better network planning and design. By using the ARIMA model for time… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enabling Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks-Based IoT Applications

    Ibraheem Al-Hejri1, Farag Azzedin1,*, Sultan Almuhammadi1, Naeem Firdous Syed2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 4197-4218, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047117 - 20 June 2024

    Abstract The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices. In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply, intelligent transportation, power grids, and autonomous agriculture, it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data collected and exchanged. However, the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques. Consequently, designing a lightweight secure More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Novel Approach to Energy Optimization: Efficient Path Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Hybrid ANN

    Muhammad Salman Qamar1,*, Ihsan ul Haq1, Amil Daraz2, Atif M. Alamri3, Salman A. AlQahtani4, Muhammad Fahad Munir1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 2945-2970, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050168 - 15 May 2024

    Abstract In pursuit of enhancing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) energy efficiency and operational lifespan, this paper delves into the domain of energy-efficient routing protocols. In WSNs, the limited energy resources of Sensor Nodes (SNs) are a big challenge for ensuring their efficient and reliable operation. WSN data gathering involves the utilization of a mobile sink (MS) to mitigate the energy consumption problem through periodic network traversal. The mobile sink (MS) strategy minimizes energy consumption and latency by visiting the fewest nodes or pre-determined locations called rendezvous points (RPs) instead of all cluster heads (CHs). CHs… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Collaborative Charging Scheduling in Wireless Charging Sensor Networks

    Qiuyang Wang, Zhen Xu*, Lei Yang

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1613-1630, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047915 - 25 April 2024

    Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the trouble of limited battery power, and wireless charging provides a promising solution to this problem, which is not easily affected by the external environment. In this paper, we study the recharging of sensors in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by scheduling two mobile chargers (MCs) to collaboratively charge sensors. We first formulate a novel sensor charging scheduling problem with the objective of maximizing the number of surviving sensors, and further propose a collaborative charging scheduling algorithm (CCSA) for WRSNs. In the scheme, the sensors are divided into important sensors More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Reliable Data Collection Model and Transmission Framework in Large-Scale Wireless Medical Sensor Networks

    Haosong Gou1, Gaoyi Zhang1, Renê Ripardo Calixto2, Senthil Kumar Jagatheesaperumal3, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque2,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.1, pp. 1077-1102, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.047806 - 16 April 2024

    Abstract Large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a critical role in monitoring dangerous scenarios and responding to medical emergencies. However, the inherent instability and error-prone nature of wireless links present significant challenges, necessitating efficient data collection and reliable transmission services. This paper addresses the limitations of existing data transmission and recovery protocols by proposing a systematic end-to-end design tailored for medical event-driven cluster-based large-scale WSNs. The primary goal is to enhance the reliability of data collection and transmission services, ensuring a comprehensive and practical approach. Our approach focuses on refining the hop-count-based routing scheme to achieve… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Rao Algorithms-Based Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

    Shereen K. Refaay1, Samia A. Ali2, Moumen T. El-Melegy2, Louai A. Maghrabi3, Hamdy H. El-Sayed1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.1, pp. 873-897, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.044982 - 30 January 2024

    Abstract The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s lifetime. Many studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks, but few have been performed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. This paper utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial energies. The proposed algorithms lack algorithm-specific parameters and metaphorical connotations. The proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best, worst, and randomly assigned solutions. The proposed algorithms… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Optimal Node Localization in WSN Based on Siege Whale Optimization Algorithm

    Thi-Kien Dao1, Trong-The Nguyen1,2,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.3, pp. 2201-2237, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029880 - 15 December 2023

    Abstract Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging and fundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large area and allocates the acquired location information to unknown devices. The metaheuristic approach is one of the most advantageous ways to deal with this challenging issue and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional methods that often suffer from computational time problems and small network deployment scale. This study proposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm that is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm based on the siege mechanism… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Resource Allocation for IRS Assisted mmWave Wireless Powered Sensor Networks with User Cooperation

    Yonghui Lin1, Zhengyu Zhu2,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 663-677, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028584 - 22 September 2023

    Abstract In this paper, we investigate IRS-aided user cooperation (UC) scheme in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless-powered sensor networks (WPSN), where two single-antenna users are wireless powered in the wireless energy transfer (WET) phase first and then cooperatively transmit information to a hybrid access point (AP) in the wireless information transmission (WIT) phase, following which the IRS is deployed to enhance the system performance of the WET and WIT. We maximized the weighted sum-rate problem by jointly optimizing the transmit time slots, power allocations, and the phase shifts of the IRS. Due to the non-convexity of the More >

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