Cristian Valencia-Payan^*, José Fernando Grass-Ramírez, Gustavo Ramirez-Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Corrales

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 4703-4728, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031554

Abstract Traditionally, food sustainability has been considered solely in the stage of agricultural production. However, globalization, the expansion of the food production industry, and the emergence of supermarket chains that control the retail food market require specific significant changes in supply chains in the food sector and, therefore, we need to address the economic, social, and environmental impacts of these events. On the other hand, social selling has increased rapidly in recent years, with a further boom, following current events related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This explosion of social sales, where there are usually no control and regulation entities, can… More >

Jin Wang¹, Wei Ou¹, Osama Alfarraj², Amr Tolba², Gwang-Jun Kim^3,*, Yongjun Ren⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1805-1819, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.029622

Abstract Since transactions in blockchain are based on public ledger verification, this raises security concerns about privacy protection. And it will cause the accumulation of data on the chain and resulting in the low efficiency of block verification, when the whole transaction on the chain is verified. In order to improve the efficiency and privacy protection of block data verification, this paper proposes an efficient block verification mechanism with privacy protection based on zero-knowledge proof (ZKP), which not only protects the privacy of users but also improves the speed of data block verification. There is no need to put the whole… More >

LiangJun Deng¹, Hang Lei¹, Zheng Yang¹, WeiZhong Qian^1,*, XiaoYu Li¹, Hao Wu², Sihao Deng³, RuChao Sha¹, WeiDong Deng⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 2155-2170, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.027680

Abstract In order to realize a general-purpose automatic formal verification platform based on WebAssembly technology as a web service (FVPS), which aims to provide an automated report of vulnerability detections, this work builds a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain runtime model. It proposes an optimized methodology of the functional equivalent translation from source program languages to formal languages. This methodology utilizes an external application programming interface (API) table to replace the source codes in compilation, thereby pruning the part of housekeeping codes to ease code inflation. Code inflation is a significant metric in formal language translation. Namely, minor code inflation enhances verification scale… More >

Qiuyun Lyu¹, Chenhao Ma¹, Yanzhao Shen², Shaopeng Jiao³, Yipeng Sun¹, Liqin Hu^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.2, pp. 1625-1647, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021562

Abstract Smart contracts running on public blockchains are permissionless and decentralized, attracting both developers and malicious participants. Ethereum, the world’s largest decentralized application platform on which more than 40 million smart contracts are running, is frequently challenged by smart contract vulnerabilities. What’s worse, since the homogeneity of a wide range of smart contracts and the increase in inter-contract dependencies, a vulnerability in a certain smart contract could affect a large number of other contracts in Ethereum. However, little is known about how vulnerable contracts affect other on-chain contracts and which contracts can be affected. Thus, we first present the contract dependency… More >

Yuan Zhuang¹, Baobao Wang¹, Jianguo Sun^2,*, Haoyang Liu¹, Shuqi Yang¹, Qingan Da³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 1011-1024, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.028058

Abstract Recently, security issues of smart contracts are arising great attention due to the enormous financial loss caused by vulnerability attacks. There is an increasing need to detect similar codes for hunting vulnerability with the increase of critical security issues in smart contracts. Binary similarity detection that quantitatively measures the given code diffing has been widely adopted to facilitate critical security analysis. However, due to the difference between common programs and smart contract, such as diversity of bytecode generation and highly code homogeneity, directly adopting existing graph matching and machine learning based techniques to smart contracts suffers from low accuracy, poor… More >

Nitish Pathak¹, Shams Tabrez Siddiqui², Anjani Kumar Singha³, Heba G Mohamed⁴, Shabana Urooj^4,*, Abhinandan R Patil⁵

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 3021-3036, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.029053

Abstract The coronavirus, formerly known as COVID-19, has caused massive global disasters. As a precaution, most governments imposed quarantine periods ranging from months to years and postponed significant financial obligations. Furthermore, governments around the world have used cutting-edge technologies to track citizens’ activity. Thousands of sensors were connected to IoT (Internet of Things) devices to monitor the catastrophic eruption with billions of connected devices that use these novel tools and apps, privacy and security issues regarding data transmission and memory space abound. In this study, we suggest a blockchain-based methodology for safeguarding data in the billions of devices and sensors connected… More >

Yining Qi^1,2,*, Zhen Yang³, Yubo Luo⁴, Yongfeng Huang^1,2, Xing Li^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2205-2221, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027939

Abstract Provable Data Possession (PDP) schemes have long been proposed to solve problem of how to check the integrity of data stored in cloud service without downloading. However, with the emerging of network consisting of low performance devices such as Internet of Things, we find that there are still two obstacles for applying PDP schemes. The first one is the heavy computation overhead in generating tags for data blocks, which is essential for setting up any PDP scheme. The other one is how to resist collusion attacks from third party auditors with any possible entities participating the auditing. In this paper,… More >

G. Karthikeyan^*, G. Kousalya

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.2, pp. 1325-1340, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.026356

Abstract Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure (GTCS) is a form of epileptic seizure in which a patient loses control over their entire body, ultimately leading to loss of consciousness. The Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS) is a tool/method for treating epileptic episodes that sends counter-electrical stimulations to the Vagus Nerve in order to mitigate epileptic signals from the brain. The machine is a stand-alone device that depends on human decision-making. The proposed framework uses an IoT and Blockchain oversight mechanism to augment the device's transparency. The system counteracts against false-activation by monitoring the patient's vitals through a smart watch and allows only legitimate… More >

D. Palanikkumar¹, Adel Fahad Alrasheedi², P. Parthasarathi³, S. S. Askar², Mohamed Abouhawwash^4,5,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.1, pp. 457-469, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.024884

Abstract Data management becomes essential component of patient healthcare. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) performs a wireless communication between E-medical applications and human being. Instead of consulting a doctor in the hospital, patients get health related information remotely from the physician. The main issues in the E-Medical application are lack of safety, security and privacy preservation of patient’s health care data. To overcome these issues, this work proposes block chain based IoMT Processed with Hybrid consensus protocol for secured storage. Patients health data is collected from physician, smart devices etc. The main goal is to store this highly valuable health related… More >

R. N. Karthika^*, C. Valliyammai, M. Naveena

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.1, pp. 777-795, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.024086

Abstract The data in the cloud is protected by various mechanisms to ensure security aspects and user’s privacy. But, deceptive attacks like phishing might obtain the user’s data and use it for malicious purposes. In Spite of much technological advancement, phishing acts as the first step in a series of attacks. With technological advancements, availability and access to the phishing kits has improved drastically, thus making it an ideal tool for the hackers to execute the attacks. The phishing cases indicate use of foreign characters to disguise the original Uniform Resource Locator (URL), typosquatting the popular domain names, using reserved characters… More >