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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Improving Prediction Efficiency of Machine Learning Models for Cardiovascular Disease in IoST-Based Systems through Hyperparameter Optimization

    Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund1,2,*, Waleed M. Al-Nuwaiser3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3485-3506, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054222 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract This study explores the impact of hyperparameter optimization on machine learning models for predicting cardiovascular disease using data from an IoST (Internet of Sensing Things) device. Ten distinct machine learning approaches were implemented and systematically evaluated before and after hyperparameter tuning. Significant improvements were observed across various models, with SVM and Neural Networks consistently showing enhanced performance metrics such as F1-Score, recall, and precision. The study underscores the critical role of tailored hyperparameter tuning in optimizing these models, revealing diverse outcomes among algorithms. Decision Trees and Random Forests exhibited stable performance throughout the evaluation. While More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Lightweight Intrusion Detection System Using Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory in Fog Computing

    Hawazen Alzahrani1, Tarek Sheltami1, Abdulaziz Barnawi2, Muhammad Imam2,*, Ansar Yaser3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 4703-4728, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054203 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) links various devices to digital services and significantly improves the quality of our lives. However, as IoT connectivity is growing rapidly, so do the risks of network vulnerabilities and threats. Many interesting Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are presented based on machine learning (ML) techniques to overcome this problem. Given the resource limitations of fog computing environments, a lightweight IDS is essential. This paper introduces a hybrid deep learning (DL) method that combines convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to build an energy-aware, anomaly-based IDS. We test this… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review on Security and Privacy Issues Pertaining to Cyber-Physical Systems in the Industry 5.0 Era

    Abdullah Alabdulatif1, Navod Neranjan Thilakarathne2,*, Zaharaddeen Karami Lawal3,4,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3917-3943, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054150 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract The advent of Industry 5.0 marks a transformative era where Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) seamlessly integrate physical processes with advanced digital technologies. However, as industries become increasingly interconnected and reliant on smart digital technologies, the intersection of physical and cyber domains introduces novel security considerations, endangering the entire industrial ecosystem. The transition towards a more cooperative setting, including humans and machines in Industry 5.0, together with the growing intricacy and interconnection of CPSs, presents distinct and diverse security and privacy challenges. In this regard, this study provides a comprehensive review of security and privacy concerns pertaining… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Network Traffic Synthesis and Simulation Framework for Cybersecurity Exercise Systems

    Dong-Wook Kim1, Gun-Yoon Sin2, Kwangsoo Kim3, Jaesik Kang3, Sun-Young Im3, Myung-Mook Han1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3637-3653, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054108 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract In the rapidly evolving field of cybersecurity, the challenge of providing realistic exercise scenarios that accurately mimic real-world threats has become increasingly critical. Traditional methods often fall short in capturing the dynamic and complex nature of modern cyber threats. To address this gap, we propose a comprehensive framework designed to create authentic network environments tailored for cybersecurity exercise systems. Our framework leverages advanced simulation techniques to generate scenarios that mirror actual network conditions faced by professionals in the field. The cornerstone of our approach is the use of a conditional tabular generative adversarial network (CTGAN),… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Value Function Mechanism in WSNs-Based Mango Plantation Monitoring System

    Wen-Tsai Sung1, Indra Griha Tofik Isa1,2, Sung-Jung Hsiao3,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3733-3759, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053634 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract Mango fruit is one of the main fruit commodities that contributes to Taiwan’s income. The implementation of technology is an alternative to increasing the quality and quantity of mango plantation product productivity. In this study, a Wireless Sensor Networks (“WSNs”)-based intelligent mango plantation monitoring system will be developed that implements deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technology in carrying out prediction tasks based on three classifications: “optimal,” “sub-optimal,” or “not-optimal” conditions based on three parameters including humidity, temperature, and soil moisture. The key idea is how to provide a precise decision-making mechanism in the real-time monitoring system.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Physical Layer Security of 6G Vehicular Networks with UAV Systems: First Order Secrecy Metrics, Optimization, and Bounds

    Sagar Kavaiya1, Hiren Mewada2,*, Sagarkumar Patel3, Dharmendra Chauhan3, Faris A. Almalki4, Hana Mohammed Mujlid4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3685-3711, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053587 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract The mobility and connective capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more and more important in defense, commercial, and research domains. However, their open communication makes UAVs susceptible to undesirable passive attacks such as eavesdropping or jamming. Recently, the inefficiency of traditional cryptography-based techniques has led to the addition of Physical Layer Security (PLS). This study focuses on the advanced PLS method for passive eavesdropping in UAV-aided vehicular environments, proposing a solution to complement the conventional cryptography approach. Initially, we present a performance analysis of first-order secrecy metrics in 6G-enabled UAV systems, namely hybrid… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Analysis and Modeling of Mobile Phone Activity Data Using Interactive Cyber-Physical Social System

    Farhan Amin, Gyu Sang Choi*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3507-3521, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053183 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract Mobile networks possess significant information and thus are considered a gold mine for the researcher’s community. The call detail records (CDR) of a mobile network are used to identify the network’s efficacy and the mobile user’s behavior. It is evident from the recent literature that cyber-physical systems (CPS) were used in the analytics and modeling of telecom data. In addition, CPS is used to provide valuable services in smart cities. In general, a typical telecom company has millions of subscribers and thus generates massive amounts of data. From this aspect, data storage, analysis, and processing… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Information Centric Networking Based Cooperative Caching Framework for 5G Communication Systems

    R. Mahaveerakannan1, Thanarajan Tamilvizhi2,*, Sonia Jenifer Rayen3, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf4, Habib Hamam5,6,7,8

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3945-3966, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051611 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract The demands on conventional communication networks are increasing rapidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia content. In light of the data-centric aspect of contemporary communication, the information-centric network (ICN) paradigm offers hope for a solution by emphasizing content retrieval by name instead of location. If 5G networks are to meet the expected data demand surge from expanded connectivity and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, then effective caching solutions will be required to maximize network throughput and minimize the use of resources. Hence, an ICN-based Cooperative Caching (ICN-CoC) technique has been used to select… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hydroelectric and Hydrogen Storage Systems for Electric Energy Produced from Renewable Energy Sources

    Saif Serag1,*, Adil Echchelh2, Biagio Morrone1

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.10, pp. 2719-2741, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.054424 - 11 September 2024

    Abstract Renewable energy sources are essential for mitigating the greenhouse effect and supplying energy to resource-scarce regions. However, their intermittent nature necessitates efficient storage solutions to enhance system efficiency and manage energy costs. This paper investigates renewable and clean storage systems, specifically examining the storage of electricity generated from renewable sources using hydropower plants and hydrogen, both of which are highly efficient and promising for future energy production and storage. The study utilizes extensive literature data to analyze the impact of various parameters on the cost per kWh of electricity production in hybrid renewable systems incorporating… More > Graphic Abstract

    Hydroelectric and Hydrogen Storage Systems for Electric Energy Produced from Renewable Energy Sources

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhancing the Efficiency of Multi-Electrolyzer Clusters with Lye Mixer: Topology Design and Control Strategy

    Mingxuan Chen1, Jun Jia2, Baoping Zhang1, Leiyan Han3, Mengbo Ji3,4, Zhangtao Yu1, Dongfang Li1, Wenyong Wang1, Hongjing Jia1, Huachi Xu2,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.10, pp. 3055-3074, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.051524 - 11 September 2024

    Abstract The rise in hydrogen production powered by renewable energy is driving the field toward the adoption of systems comprising multiple alkaline water electrolyzers. These setups present various operational modes: independent operation and multi-electrolyzer parallelization, each with distinct advantages and challenges. This study introduces an innovative configuration that incorporates a mutual lye mixer among electrolyzers, establishing a weakly coupled system that combines the advantages of two modes. This approach enables efficient heat utilization for faster hot-startup and maintains heat conservation post-lye interconnection, while preserving the option for independent operation after decoupling. A specialized thermal exchange model… More >

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