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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Robust Image Watermarking Using LWT and Stochastic Gradient Firefly Algorithm

    Sachin Sharma1,*, Meena Malik2, Chander Prabha3, Amal Al-Rasheed4, Mona Alduailij4, Sultan Almakdi5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 393-407, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033536

    Abstract Watermarking of digital images is required in diversified applications ranging from medical imaging to commercial images used over the web. Usually, the copyright information is embossed over the image in the form of a logo at the corner or diagonal text in the background. However, this form of visible watermarking is not suitable for a large class of applications. In all such cases, a hidden watermark is embedded inside the original image as proof of ownership. A large number of techniques and algorithms are proposed by researchers for invisible watermarking. In this paper, we focus on issues that are critical… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Zero Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Image Based on Resnet50-DCT

    Mingshuai Sheng1, Jingbing Li1,2,*, Uzair Aslam Bhatti1,2,3, Jing Liu4, Mengxing Huang1,5, Yen-Wei Chen6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 293-309, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036438

    Abstract Medical images are used as a diagnostic tool, so protecting their confidentiality has long been a topic of study. From this, we propose a Resnet50-DCT-based zero watermarking algorithm for use with medical images. To begin, we use Resnet50, a pre-training network, to draw out the deep features of medical images. Then the deep features are transformed by DCT transform and the perceptual hash function is used to generate the feature vector. The original watermark is chaotic scrambled to get the encrypted watermark, and the watermark information is embedded into the original medical image by XOR operation, and the logical key… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Robust Multi-Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Images Based on GoogLeNet and Henon Map

    Wenxing Zhang1, Jingbing Li1,2,*, Uzair Aslam Bhatti1,2, Jing Liu3, Junhua Zheng1, Yen-Wei Chen4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 565-586, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036317

    Abstract The field of medical images has been rapidly evolving since the advent of the digital medical information era. However, medical data is susceptible to leaks and hacks during transmission. This paper proposed a robust multi-watermarking algorithm for medical images based on GoogLeNet transfer learning to protect the privacy of patient data during transmission and storage, as well as to increase the resistance to geometric attacks and the capacity of embedded watermarks of watermarking algorithms. First, a pre-trained GoogLeNet network is used in this paper, based on which the parameters of several previous layers of the network are fixed and the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    LKAW: A Robust Watermarking Method Based on Large Kernel Convolution and Adaptive Weight Assignment

    Xiaorui Zhang1,2,3,*, Rui Jiang1, Wei Sun3,4, Aiguo Song5, Xindong Wei6, Ruohan Meng7

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 1-17, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034748

    Abstract Robust watermarking requires finding invariant features under multiple attacks to ensure correct extraction. Deep learning has extremely powerful in extracting features, and watermarking algorithms based on deep learning have attracted widespread attention. Most existing methods use small kernel convolution to extract image features and embed the watermarking. However, the effective perception fields for small kernel convolution are extremely confined, so the pixels that each watermarking can affect are restricted, thus limiting the performance of the watermarking. To address these problems, we propose a watermarking network based on large kernel convolution and adaptive weight assignment for loss functions. It uses large-kernel… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Dual Model Watermarking Framework for Copyright Protection in Image Processing Networks

    Yuhang Meng1, Xianyi Chen1,*, Xingming Sun1, Yu Liu1, Guo Wei2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 831-844, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033700

    Abstract Image processing networks have gained great success in many fields, and thus the issue of copyright protection for image processing networks has become a focus of attention. Model watermarking techniques are widely used in model copyright protection, but there are two challenges: (1) designing universal trigger sample watermarking for different network models is still a challenge; (2) existing methods of copyright protection based on trigger s watermarking are difficult to resist forgery attacks. In this work, we propose a dual model watermarking framework for copyright protection in image processing networks. The trigger sample watermark is embedded in the training process… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hybrid Watermarking and Encryption Techniques for Securing Medical Images

    Amel Ali Alhussan1,*, Hanaa A. Abdallah2, Sara Alsodairi2, Abdelhamied A. Ateya3

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 403-416, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035048

    Abstract Securing medical data while transmission on the network is required because it is sensitive and life-dependent data. Many methods are used for protection, such as Steganography, Digital Signature, Cryptography, and Watermarking. This paper introduces a novel robust algorithm that combines discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) digital image-watermarking algorithms. The host image is decomposed using a two-dimensional DWT (2D-DWT) to approximate low-frequency sub-bands in the embedding process. Then the sub-band low-high (LH) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands. The resulting sub-band low-high (LH1) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Application of Zero-Watermarking for Medical Image in Intelligent Sensor Network Security

    Shixin Tu, Yuanyuan Jia, Jinglong Du*, Baoru Han*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.136, No.1, pp. 293-321, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.022308

    Abstract The field of healthcare is considered to be the most promising application of intelligent sensor networks. However, the security and privacy protection of medical images collected by intelligent sensor networks is a hot problem that has attracted more and more attention. Fortunately, digital watermarking provides an effective method to solve this problem. In order to improve the robustness of the medical image watermarking scheme, in this paper, we propose a novel zero-watermarking algorithm with the integer wavelet transform (IWT), Schur decomposition and image block energy. Specifically, we first use IWT to extract low-frequency information and divide them into non-overlapping blocks,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Adaptive Reversible Visible Watermarking Based on Total Variation for BTC-Compressed Images

    Hengfu Yang1,2,*, Mingfang Jiang1,2, Zhichen Gao3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 5173-5189, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034819

    Abstract Few previous Reversible Visible Watermarking (RVW) schemes have both good transparency and watermark visibility. An adaptive RVW scheme that integrates Total Variation and visual perception in Block Truncation Coding (BTC) compressed domain, called TVB-RVW is proposed in this paper. A new mean image estimation method for BTC-compressed images is first developed with the help of Total Variation. Then, a visual perception factor computation model is devised by fusing texture and luminance characteristics. An adaptive watermark embedding strategy is used to embed the visible watermark with the effect of the visual perception factor in the BTC domain. Moreover, a lossless embedding… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Multi-Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Images Using Inception V3 and DCT

    Yu Fan1,6, Jingbing Li1,2,*, Uzair Aslam Bhatti1,2, Chunyan Shao1, Cheng Gong1, Jieren Cheng3,5, Yenwei Chen4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 1279-1302, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031445

    Abstract Medical images are a critical component of the diagnostic process for clinicians. Although the quality of medical photographs is essential to the accuracy of a physician’s diagnosis, they must be encrypted due to the characteristics of digital storage and information leakage associated with medical images. Traditional watermark embedding algorithm embeds the watermark information into the medical image, which reduces the quality of the medical image and affects the physicians’ judgment of patient diagnosis. In addition, watermarks in this method have weak robustness under high-intensity geometric attacks when the medical image is attacked and the watermarks are destroyed. This paper proposes… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    High Efficiency Crypto-Watermarking System Based on Clifford-Multiwavelet for 3D Meshes Security

    Wajdi Elhamzi1,2,*, Malika Jallouli3, Yassine Bouteraa1,4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4329-4347, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030954

    Abstract Since 3D mesh security has become intellectual property, 3D watermarking algorithms have continued to appear to secure 3D meshes shared by remote users and saved in distant multimedia databases. The novelty of our approach is that it uses a new Clifford-multiwavelet transform to insert copyright data in a multiresolution domain, allowing us to greatly expand the size of the watermark. After that, our method does two rounds of insertion, each applying a different type of Clifford-wavelet transform. Before being placed into the Clifford-multiwavelet coefficients, the watermark, which is a mixture of the mesh description, source mesh signature (produced using SHA512),… More >

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