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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fertilizer and manure equivalent rates on forage corn production (Zea mays)

    López-Calderón MJ1, U Figueroa-Viramontes2*, M Fortis-Hernández1, G Núñez-Hernández2, E Ochoa-Martínez2, JI Sanchez-Duarte2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 8-13, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.008

    Abstract An experiment with increasing rates of fertilizer and manure in silage corn was established to evaluate the agronomic crop response and to estimate the manure nitrogen availability. The treatments were designed to deliver 0, 67, 100 and 133% of the crop nitrogen requirements (CNR), using ammonium sulphate and manure as N source. Dry matter (DM) yield was similar among treatments receiving N, but those values were greater than those found in the control. Nitrogen extraction at harvest was not statistically different in treatments with fertilizer or manure, but it was higher in these treatments than in the control without N… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Alkaline cooking and tortilla quality in maize grains from the humid, tropical lands of Mexico

    Jiménez-Juárez JA1,2, G Arámbula-Villa3, E de la Cruz-Lázaro1*, MA Aparicio-Trapala1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1-7, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.001

    Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) tortilla is the major staple food for the Mexican population. Nine tropical maize genotypes were evaluated. All samples had white grains, a common characteristic in tropical maize, and therefore they were appropriate for nixtamalized flour industry. Grain, flour, masa and tortilla characteristics of each maize genotype were evaluated. Length, width, thickness, weight of 1000 grains and hardness of grain were determined. Moisture content, proteins, fat, ash, mean particle size, water absorption index, enthalpy, and flour temperature were also evaluated. Adhesiveness and cohesiveness were evaluated in masa. Moisture content, protein, capacity to puff up, roll making, tension… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Seed germination after freezing in high-mountain plant species: Implications for ski-run restoration

    Díaz-Miguel M1, J Castro2, PA García3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 423-429, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.423

    Abstract The construction of a ski slope implies a strong environmental impact as a result of the removal of the vegetation cover. The need to protect the soil requires a rapid restoration of vegetation, which is often done with commercial seed mixtures that can cause a negative impact on these high mountain ecosystems. Thus, the use of seeds of native species is essential, especially in areas rich in endemic species. The compaction of snow as a result of the preparation of the ski slopes causes the soil to freeze. This hinders the germination of seeds, especially those of shrub species. This… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of prescribed fire on forage production and nutritive value of the perennial grass Saccharum griffithii

    Gul B1, M Islam2, S Ahmad3, S Gul1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 415-421, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.415

    Abstract The effect of fire on growth and nutritive value of Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Boiss-ravennae (Linn.) Murr. hybrid, a low palatable perennial grass in the semi-arid region of the highlands of Balochistan, Pakistan, was evaluated during 2008 and 2009. Prescribed fire treatments were applied in February 2008 and 2009 at the dormant stage of vegetation. Different growth parameters (tiller height, tiller number/plant), forage production (fresh, dry) and nutritive value (crude protein, ash) were compared with control (unburnt) plots. Fire increased the number of tillers, and the fresh and dry forage production in both years. Fire also improved the crude protein… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Contribution of different bud types to community regeneration on a typical steppe under various enclosure durations in Inner Mongolia, China

    Qian J1,2, Z Wang1, Z Liu1, W Kuang1,2, CA Busso3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 407-414, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.407

    Abstract Understanding the changes in the total bud bank, and its contribution to community regeneration, in response to grassland enclosure to livestock grazing, is crucial for grassland management. Despite its importance, the contribution of the total bud bank and that of different bud types to community regeneration as a whole have been rarely explored. The vegetative offspring recruited from different bud types was investigated in grasslands having different enclosure durations to livestock grazing on a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Total vegetative offspring density was significantly higher (p<0.05) under continuous grazing than in fenced grasslands, but no significant changes were… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of woody species on aerial growth of perennial grasses in semi-arid rangelands of central Argentina

    Blazquez FR1,2,3, DV Peláez1,3,4, RJ Andrioli1, OR Elia1,2,3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 397-405, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.397

    Abstract The interaction between woody and grass species in semi-arid rangelands of central Argentina was assessed through the evaluation of the impact of woody species on grass growth over a 2-y period. The study comprised two morpho-physiologically different woody species and two cool-season perennial grass species highly preferred by domestic livestock. The study involved the assessment of total green length (TGL) and number of green leaves (NGL) per tiller in grasses growing beneath the canopy of woody species and in open rangeland areas. Soil temperature, pH and water, nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter content were estimated at the same study sites.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Morphoanatomical functional traits in xerophytic species of a saline environment

    Pérez Cuadra V, V Cambi

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 389-396, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.389

    Abstract The halophytic community of Salitral de la Vidriera (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) has species with different morphoanatomical functional traits. The aim of this study was to compare these traits in four species, two Asteraceae (Baccharis spartioides and B. tenella) and two Frankeniaceae (Frankenia juniperoides and F. pulverulenta). Leaves and stems were treated under traditional techniques for anatomical study. Leaves the of Asteraceae and F. pulverulenta were amphistomatic while in F. juniperoides they were hypostomatic. All species showed trichomes and only the Frankeniaceae had salt glands. The mesophyll was isolateral in Asteraceae, and dorsiventral in Frankeniaceae; the number of foliar vascular… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fruit development of two high oleic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars

    Franchini MC1, AC F lemmer1, LI Lindström1, MA David2, PA Fernandez3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 379-388, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.379

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe fruit development in two high oleic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars during four growing seasons. Pericarp histogenesis, and dynamics of pericarp and seed dry weight and fruit water content were studied. The dynamics of the pericarp and seed growth was similar between cultivars and years. The pericarp completed its growth before the seed. Pericarp potential size was already set at anthesis as no cell division was observed at this time. Maximum pericarp dry weight was achieved 8 days after anthesis, when cell wall lignification concluded. At this time, twinned prismatic simetric crystals… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Leaf and stem anatomy of three halophytic Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae) from Argentina

    Pérez Cuadra V y PM Hermann

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 369-377, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.369

    Abstract Species belonging to the tribe Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae), called jumes, are rich in salts, reflecting its halophytic nature. The leaf and stem anatomy of Allenfolfea patagonica, Heterostachys olivascens and H. ritteriana were studied. The material, collected in the Salitral de la Vidriera located 30 km from Bahia Blanca (Buenos Aires, Argentina), was fixed, dehydrated, embedded and stained with traditional techniques for plant anatomy. The foliar abaxial epidermis of the three species had papillate cells, while the adaxial one, usually did not. The stomata were sunken in the abaxial epidermis of the three species, and of the adaxial one of A. patagonica;… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Delimitation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. from Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae Juss.) based on leaf morphology

    Usama K Abdel-Hameed

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 363-367, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.363

    Abstract In Egypt there are two different species that are commercially marketed under the same trade name of Neem: one is Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and the other is Melia azedarach L. In this paper, leaf morphological characters (e.g., lamina architecture, stomatography, petiole and blade micromorphology) of both taxa were described and illustrated to aid in the identification and differentiation between the two misidentified taxa. The obtained results concluded that leaf morpho-anatomical characters will not only provide criteria for their correct taxonomic authentication, but would also serve as future standard data for the quality assessment of the pharmaceutical preparation of botanical… More >

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