Lovey¹ RJ, P Perissé², C V ieyra³, JC Coraglio³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.79, pp. 5-10, 2010, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2010.79.005

Abstract Cologania broussonetii (Balb.) DC. (Fabaceae) grows from the Bolivian eastern Andes to the north west of Argentina, Cordoba hills and San Luis Province. It is recognized as a native forage. The objectives of this study were to characterize the seed, the germination and the seedling of C. broussonetii. Seed structure was characterized through free hand sections and analyzed with optical and stereoscopic microscopy. The germination assay treatments were: (1) intact non-scarfied seeds at 25 °C constant, (2) scarified seeds at 25 °C constant, (3) intact non-scarified seeds at 20-30 °C alternating, and (4) scarified seeds at 20-30 °C alternating. Results… More >

Manilal¹ A, S Sujith², J Selvin³, C Shakir⁴, G Seghal Kiran⁵

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 161-166, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.161

Abstract The antibacterial property of the red algae, Falkenbergia hillebrandii (Born) collected from the southwest coast of India (Indian Ocean) was evaluated against three multidrug resistant human pathogens. Four different solvents: ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were used with this purpose. Dried samples extracted with methanol showed broadest and highest antimicrobial activity when compared to other solvents. However, PBS extract showed no antibacterial activity. The highly active compounds red alga, F. hillebrandii were fractionated and purified using different chromatographic systems, including reverse phase HPLC and GCMS. The analysis revealed that the most abundant metabolite was the oleic… More >

Diniz SPSS, RC Oliveira

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 155-160, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.155

Abstract The effects of fusaric acid, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp, were investigated in relation to its action on corn seedlings. The mycotoxin inhibited the development of corn seedlings at 0.2 mM, causing root length reduction. Anatomically, alterations were only visible from 0.5 mM fusaric acid, directly influencing the cell differentiation process. Precocious differentiation reduces the elongation region. This explains (1) that root shortening is morphologically visible, and (2) the differentiation of a great number of lateral roots nearby the apex, which can be seen in longitudinal cuts. More >

Zhang¹ WD, DS Liu², JC Tian^1*, FL He¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 147-154, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.147

Abstract Soil arsenic contamination becomes a potential agricultural and environmental hazard worldwide, and has been a serious problem for safe food production. A field experiment on soil contamination was conducted on four wheat varieties (Jimai, Gaoyou, Weimai and Wennong) in Eastern China, using 50 or 100 mg arsenic/kg soil. Biomass production and yield components were determined and arsenic concentrations were measured in plant tissues. Differential arsenic effects on wheat varieties were determined at maturity. Results showed that addition of arsenic significantly (p<0.05) reduced root, stem and spike dry weight and yield components, which resulted in the decrease of grain yield per… More >

Montenegro G, F Salas, RC Peña, R Pizarro

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 141-146, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.141

Abstract The detection of phenolics, flavonoids and related compounds by HPLC in extracts of unifloral honey of Quillay (Quillaja saponaria) showed phenolic compounds such as caffeic, coumaric and salicylic acids, the flavanone naringenin and the flavonol kaempferol. These extracts showed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aureginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus typhi, S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae type β, and Vibrio cholerae, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Additionally, some aroma and decomposition compounds were identified in the ethanol extract. More >

Bucciarelli A, PV Hansen, VN Cambi

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 135-140, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.135

Abstract Pluchea microcephala (“cuatrocantos”, “lucera”) is a perennial native species from northern Argentina, Bolivia and NW of Perú, commonly used to treat digestive and hepatic disorders in humans. It grows in humid and saline soils, and bordering watercourses. Morphoanatomical characteristics of leaves, stems and capitula have been studied in order to determine the main diagnostic characters for the identification of this species. Light microscope observations were carried out on herbarium specimens, dissociated material, and serial transverse sections of restored herbarium material. Leaves are decurrent, anfistomatic, with eglandulate septate-flagellate trichomes and glandular trichomes with a entire biseriate stem. The mesophyll is isobilateral… More >

Robles-Hernández^1* L, AC González-Franco¹, SO Guy², WC Chun²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 129-134, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.129

Abstract This study presents the effect of Liquid Compost Factor (LCF) seed treatments on plant height in greenhouse trials, and plant density, plant height and seed yield of chickpea in field conditions. The greenhouse trials were organized in a randomized block design, while in field experiments were established in a factorial complete randomized block design conducted in Moscow and Genesee, Idaho, USA locations during 2003 and 2004. In the greenhouse, LCF 1:64 had the highest plant growth, and was statistically similar to LCF 1:110, LCF 1:128 and LCF 1:140, but different to the non-treated control. The orthogonal contrasts of LCF treatments… More >

Pincheira-Ulbrich¹ J, JR Rau², F Peña-Cortés¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 121-128, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.121

Abstract The size and shape of 10 native forest patches were related to tree and shrub species richness in the pre coastal mountain range in Osorno province, southern Chile. Four regression models were adjusted (lineal, logarithm, exponential, and power regression) between patch size (area = x) and tree and shrub species richness (y). Patch shape was quantified through three indexes (Patton diversity index, compactness index and fractal dimension) which were correlated with the tree and shrub richness. Results allowed to conclude that (1) species richness tends to increase significantly with patch size; this relationship was explained by the four study models.… More >

García-Zambrano² EA, F Zavala-García², A Gutiérrez-Diez, MC Ojeda-Zacarías, I Cerda-Hurtado³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 117-120, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.117

Abstract The objective of this study was to apply the AFLP-type molecular marker technique to estimate genetic diversity in cactus pear within the Germplasm Bank of FAUANL. Twelve accessions have been reported as possible duplicates through type RAPD- molecular markers in such Bank. DNA was extracted using the cellular ruptor technique, and then digested and bound. A preamplification and subsequent selective amplification were conducted. Amplified fragments were then separated and analyzed. It was concluded that none of the accessions was duplicated. This was because 8 groups were formed in the dendogram obtained after applying the UPGMA method. There were 3 accessions… More >

Delhey R¹, M Kiehr¹, MI Allievi¹, J Lusto², S Frayssinet¹, B Sidoti Hartmann³, I Kröger¹, PJ Paoloni⁴, D Zappacosta¹, A Servera³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.78, pp. 111-115, 2009, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2009.78.111

Abstract A report is given on plant hosts, distribution, damage and importance of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the southern Pampas region and northern Patagonia (Argentina). Spontaneous infections were recorded on 25 plant species, including oil crops, vegetables, and ornamental and invasive plants. Carduus thoermeri, Xanthium cavanillesii, Marrubium vulgare and Ranunculus repens are new hosts of S. sclerotiorum. The records on Helianthus tuberosus, Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Cucurbita pepo are new to Argentina. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes important damage on Helianthus annuus, Glycine max, Apium graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Lactuca sativa. S. sclerotiorum is also reported on Daucus carota, Petroselinum crispum, Brassica oleracea, B. rapa… More >