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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Salinity Stress in Wheat: Effects, Mechanisms and Management Strategies

    Mahmoud F. Seleiman1,2,#,*, Muhammad Talha Aslam3,#, Bushra Ahmed Alhammad4, Muhammad Umair Hassan5, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Umer Chattha3, Imran Khan3, Harun Ireri Gitari6, Omer S. Uslu7, Rana Roy8, Martin Leonardo Battaglia9

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017365

    Abstract Salinity stress is a major threat to global food production and its intensity is continuously increasing because of anthropogenic activities. Wheat is a staple food and a source of carbohydrates and calories for the majority of people across the globe. However, wheat productivity is adversely affected by salt stress, which is associated with a reduction in germination, growth, altered reproductive behavior and enzymatic activity, disrupted photosynthesis, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, and yield reductions. Thus, a better understanding of wheat (plant) behavior to salinity stress has essential implications to devise counter and alleviation measures to cope with salt stress. Different approaches… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria: Potential Bioagents for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Agriculture

    Fazli Wahid1, Muhammad Sharif2, Shah Fahad3, Amjad Ali4, Muhammad Adnan1, Rafiullah1, Shah Saud5, Subhan Danish6,*, Muhammad Arif Ali6, Niaz Ahmed6, Hüseyin Arslan7, Doğan Arslan8, Murat Erman8, Ayman EL Sabagh8,9,*, Fatemeh Gholizadeh10, Rahul Datta11

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.016512

    Abstract Phosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient that plays an essential role in improving soil fertility for optimum plant growth and productivity. It is one of the most deficient macro-nutrients in agricultural soils after nitrogen and is considered inadequate for plant growth and production. To P availability in soils, the farmers are applying huge amounts of synthetic P fertilizers that adversely affect the wider environment, groundwater, soil fertility and microbial population. Many beneficial microbes are known to release and supply soluble P for improving growth and yield of a variety of plants in a sustainable manner in P deficient soils. Thus,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Phenotype, Physiology, and Gene Expression of Barley Seedlings in Response to Nano Zinc Oxide Stress

    Mengyuan Dong#, Rong Sun#, Qianhui Yang, Lantian Zhang, Yangying Yong, Yunxia Fang, Xian Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhang*, Dawei Xue*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.017465

    Abstract In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used as zinc fertilizers and pesticides. The use of ZnO NPs in this way can provide benefits to humans, but also has potential risks. ZnO NPs inevitably enter the environment during their production and use, which affects the ecological environment and crop growth. In order to investigate the phenotype, physiology, and gene expression of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings under ZnO NPs stress, the barely cultivars ZJU3 (P21), Golden Promise (GP) and L23 were chosen for study. Different ZnO NPs concentrations were applied to compare the physiological and biochemical… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.): An Overview on Causal Agent, Vector and Management

    Mustansar Mubeen1, Yasir Iftikhar1,*, Aqleem Abbas2, Mazhar Abbas3, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye4, Ashara Sajid1, Faheema Bakhtawar1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016664

    Abstract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) belongs to the Malvaceae family and is one of the most essential and popular vegetables globally. It is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Abiotic and biotic factors threaten okra productivity. Okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD) is the most destructive disease of okra. The causal agent, [(i.e., Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV)] of this disease belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. OYVMV is a monopartite with additional ssDNA molecule. This virus has two components DNA-A for protein coding and DNA-B for symptoms induction. Whitefly transmits OYVMV in persistent manner. Characteristic symptoms of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Physiologic and Transcriptomic Insights into the High Alkali Response of Dunaliella salina

    Jun Zhou, Haiqing Sun, Jiali Wei, Ping Li*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016514

    Abstract The halophilic unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina is characterized as the distinct tolerance to high salt in the field. Normally the organism is concurrently subjected with salt and alkali stress, but the feature of D. salina in response to high alkali stress was not investigated before. In this study, we used high pH stress to simulate high alkali stress and found D. salina also showed tolerance to high alkali stress, even grown under pH at 11.0, with high cell density and chlorophyll biosynthesis. High-throughput transcriptome analysis revealed the dramatically different expression of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism, lipid and β-carotene… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Potentiality of Different Seed Priming Agents to Mitigate Cold Stress of Winter Rice Seedling

    Md. Parvez Anwar1,*, Md. Ariful Islam Khalid1, A. K. M. Mominul Islam1, Sabina Yeasmin1, Sharif Ahmed2, Adel Hadifa3, Ismail A. Ismail4, Akbar Hossain5, Ayman EL Sabagh6,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015822

    Abstract Seed priming has proved to be an effective pre-germination seed invigoration technique for different crops to improve seed and seedling performance under different abiotic stresses. In Bangladesh, winter rice is very often exposed to cold waves just after sowing in the nursery bed resulting in poor seed germination and seedling emergence, yellowish and thin seedlings production, and a very low survival rate. Seed priming may mitigate the cold stress during seed germination and seedling emergence and helps in the quality seedling production of winter rice. To evaluate the efficacy of different seed priming techniques in increasing seedling emergence, growth, vigor… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The BHLH Transcriptional Factor PIF4 Competes with the R2R3-MYB Transcriptional Factor MYB75 to Fine-Tune Seeds Germination under High Glucose Stress

    Xiaoli Li, Shiyan Lu, Yaru Yang, Wenjie Wei, Jiali Wei, Xiaojun Yuan*, Ping Li*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016362

    Abstract It is known that the high level of sugar including glucose suppresses seed germination through ABA signal. ABI5 is an essential component to mediate ABA-dependent seed germination inhibition, but underlying mechanism needs more investigation. Previous study demonstrated the PIF4 activated the expression of ABI5 to suppress seed germination in darkness. Here we reported that PIF4 also mediated the seed germination inhibition through ABI5 under high concentration of glucose treatment. Furthermore, we found that PIF4 interacted with PAP1, the central factor to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Such interaction was confirmed in vitro and in planta. Biochemical and physiological analysis revealed that PAP1… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Phenotypic and Molecular Assessment of Wheat Genotypes Tolerant to Leaf Blight, Rust and Blast Diseases

    Md. Ashraful Alam1, Milan Skalicky2, Muhammad Rezaul Kabir1, Md. Monwar Hossain1, Md. Abdul Hakim1, Md. Siddikun Nabi Mandal1, Rabiul Islam3, Md. Babul Anwar3, Akbar Hossain1,*, Fahmy Hassan4, Amaal Mohammadein4, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal5, Marian Brestic2,6, Mohammad Anwar Hossain7, Khalid Rehman Hakeem8, Ayman EL Sabagh9,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016015

    Abstract Globally among biotic stresses, diseases like blight, rust and blast constitute prime constraints for reducing wheat productivity especially in Bangladesh. For sustainable productivity, the development of disease-resistant lines and high yielding varieties is vital and necessary. This study was conducted using 122 advanced breeding lines of wheat including 21 varieties developed by Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BAMRI) with aims to identify genotypes having high yield potential and resistance to leaf blight, leaf rust and blast diseases. These genotypes were evaluated for resistance against leaf blight and leaf rust at Dinajpur and wheat blast at Jashore under field condition.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Comparison of Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Taxus chinensis var. mairei Seedlings Root under Waterlogging Stress in Different Substrates

    Xinru He, Qiong Ding, Bing Sun, Yongjun Fei, Die Hu*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015617

    Abstract Four different ratios of river sand, ceramic pellets, vermiculite and perlite (1:1), and field soil were selected as the substrates in this experiment, and four gradient levels of root waterlogging, half waterlogging, full waterlogging and normal were set to investigate the effects of different gradients of waterlogging stress on the root morphology of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings under different substrates. In this study, the root anatomical structure of Taxus chinensis var. mairei under different waterlogging stress was observed by the paraffin section method. The roots of T. chinensis var. mairei were diarch, with no pith and resin canals. There… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Screening and Assessment of Selected Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage

    Md. Rezwan Molla1,2,4, Md. Motiar Rohman2,*, Mahmuda Binte Monsur2, Mirza Hasanuzzaman3,*, Lutful Hassan4

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol., , DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015591

    Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate oxidative stress tolerant mechanisms in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under drought genotypes through evaluating morphological, physiological, biochemical and stomatal parameters. Twenty genotypes were evaluated for their genetic potential to drought stress tolerant at seedling stage. Thirty days old seedlings were exposed to drought stress induced by stop watering for the following 10 days and rewatering for the following one week as recovery. Based on their survival performance, two tolerant genotypes viz. BD-10906 and BD-109012 and two susceptible genotypes viz. BD-10902 and RT-20 were selected for studying the oxidative stress tolerance mechanism. Drought reduced root… More >

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