Xinliang Tang¹, Man Zhang¹, Pingping Yu¹, Wei Liu², Ning Cao^{3, *}, Yunfeng Xu⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1725-1739, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010272

Abstract In a large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN), densely distributed sensor nodes process a large amount of data. The aggregation of data in a network can consume a great amount of energy. To balance and reduce the energy consumption of nodes in a WSN and extend the network life, this paper proposes a nonuniform clustering routing algorithm based on the improved K-means algorithm. The algorithm uses a clustering method to form and optimize clusters, and it selects appropriate cluster heads to balance network energy consumption and extend the life cycle of the WSN. To ensure that the cluster head (CH) selection… More >

Chu Chu¹, Zhong Huang¹, Rui Xu¹, Guangjun Wen^{1, *}, Lilan Liu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1705-1724, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010190

Abstract Blocker tag attack is one of the denial-of-service (DoS) attacks that threatens the privacy and security of RFID systems. The attacker interferes with the blocked tag by simulating a fake tag with the same ID, thus causing a collision of message replies. In many practical scenarios, the number of blocked tags may vary, or even be small. For example, the attacker may only block the important customers or high-value items. To avoid the disclosure of privacy and economic losses, it is of great importance to fast pinpoint these blocked ones. However, existing works do not take into account the impact… More >

Qing Yang¹, Shengjie Zhou¹, Heyong Li¹, Jingwei Zhang^{2, 3, *}

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1691-1704, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010256

Abstract Group recommendations derive from a phenomenon in which people tend to participate in activities together regardless of whether they are online or in reality, which creates real scenarios and promotes the development of group recommendation systems. Different from traditional personalized recommendation methods, which are concerned only with the accuracy of recommendations for individuals, group recommendation is expected to balance the needs of multiple users. Building a proper model for a group of users to improve the quality of a recommended list and to achieve a better recommendation has become a large challenge for group recommendation applications. Existing studies often focus… More >

Meichen Xia^{1, *}, Shiliang Li^1,, Liu Liu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1673-1689, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010177

Abstract Multi-server authenticated key agreement schemes have attracted great attention to both academia and industry in recent years. However, traditional authenticated key agreement schemes in the single-server environment are not suitable for the multi-server environment because the user has to register on each server when he/she wishes to log in various servers for different service. Moreover, it is unreasonable to consider all servers are trusted since the server in a multi-server environment may be a semi-trusted party. In order to overcome these difficulties, we designed a secure threefactor multi-server authenticated key agreement protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography, which needs the… More >

Ningcheng Yuan¹, Chao Jia^{2, *}, Jizhao Lu³, Shaoyong Guo¹, Wencui Li³, Xuesong Qiu¹, Lei Shi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1657-1671, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09840

Abstract Container is an emerging virtualization technology and widely adopted in the cloud to provide services because of its lightweight, flexible, isolated and highly portable properties. Cloud services are often instantiated as clusters of interconnected containers. Due to the stochastic service arrival and complicated cloud environment, it is challenging to achieve an optimal container placement (CP) scheme. We propose to leverage Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for solving CP problem, which is able to learn from experience interacting with the environment and does not rely on mathematical model or prior knowledge. However, applying DRL method directly dose not lead to a satisfying… More >

Yajie Sun^{1, 2, *}, Yanqing Yuan², Qi Wang², Sai Ji^{1, 2}, Lihua Wang³, Shao’en Wu⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1647-1656, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.06331

Abstract In order to identify the location and magnitude of the impact force accurately, determine the damage range of the structure and accelerate the health monitoring of key components of the composite, this paper studies the location and magnitude of the impact force of composite plates by an inverse method. Firstly, a PZT sensor mounted on the material plate is used to collect the response signal generated by the impact force, which is from several impact locations, and establish transfer functions between the impact location and the PZT sensor. Secondly, this paper applies several forces to any location on the material… More >

Tao Shang^{1, *}, Ran Liu¹, Jianwei Liu¹, Yafei Hou²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1629-1645, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09820

Abstract Establishing entanglement is an essential task of quantum communication technology. Beyond entanglement, quantum discord, as a measure of quantum correlation, is a necessary prerequisite to the success of entanglement distribution. To realize efficient quantum communication based on quantum discord, in this paper, we consider the practical advantages of continuous variables and propose a feasible continuous-variable quantum network coding scheme based on quantum discord. By means of entanglement distribution by separable states, it can achieve quantum entanglement distribution from sources to targets in a butterfly network. Compared with the representative discrete-variable quantum network coding schemes, the proposed continuous-variable quantum network coding… More >

Yunxiang Zhao¹, Jinyong Cheng^{1, *}, Ping Zhang¹, Xueping Peng²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1615-1628, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09938

Abstract Atrial fibrillation is the most common persistent form of arrhythmia. A method based on wavelet transform combined with deep convolutional neural network is applied for automatic classification of electrocardiograms. Since the ECG signal is easily inferred, the ECG signal is decomposed into 9 kinds of subsignals with different frequency scales by wavelet function, and then wavelet reconstruction is carried out after segmented filtering to eliminate the influence of noise. A 24-layer convolution neural network is used to extract the hierarchical features by convolution kernels of different sizes, and finally the softmax classifier is used to classify them. This paper applies… More >

Ming Zhao¹, Xinhong Liu¹, Xin Yao^{1, *}, Kun He²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1601-1614, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09754

Abstract Although there has been a great breakthrough in the accuracy and speed of super-resolution (SR) reconstruction of a single image by using a convolutional neural network, an important problem remains unresolved: how to restore finer texture details during image super-resolution reconstruction? This paper proposes an Enhanced Laplacian Pyramid Generative Adversarial Network (ELSRGAN), based on the Laplacian pyramid to capture the high-frequency details of the image. By combining Laplacian pyramids and generative adversarial networks, progressive reconstruction of super-resolution images can be made, making model applications more flexible. In order to solve the problem of gradient disappearance, we introduce the Residual-in-Residual Dense… More >

Daniyal Ali Sehrai¹, Fazal Muhammad¹, Saad Hassan Kiani¹, Ziaul Haq Abbas², Muhammad Tufail³, Sunghwan Kim^{4, *}

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1587-1599, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.011057

Abstract Metamaterial surfaces play a vital role to achieve the surface waves suppression and in-phase reflection, in order to improve the antenna performance. In this paper, the performance comparison of a fifth generation (5G) antenna design is analyzed and compared with a metamaterial-based antenna for 5G communication system applications. Metamaterial surface is utilized as a reflector due to its in-phase reflection characteristic and high-impedance nature to improve the gain of an antenna. As conventional conducting ground plane does not give enough surface waves suppression which affects the antenna performance in terms of efficiency and gain etc. These factors are well considered… More >