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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Flow dynamics in Models of Intracranial Terminal Aneurysms

    Alvaro Valencia1

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 221-232, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.221

    Abstract Flow dynamics play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The evaluation of the velocity field in the aneurysm dome and neck is important for the correct placement of endovascular coils, and the temporal and spatial variations of wall shear stress in the aneurysm are correlated with its growth and rupture. This numerical investigation describes the hemodynamic in two models of terminal aneurysm of the basilar artery. Aneurysm models with a aspect ratio of 1.0 and 1.67 were studied. Each model was subject to physiological representative waveform of inflow for a More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Cantilever Arrays for Multiplexed Mechanical Analysis of Biomolecular Reactions

    Min Yue1,1, Jeanne C. Stachowiak1,1,2,2, Arunava Majumdar1,1,3,3

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 211-220, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.211

    Abstract Microchips;ontaining arrays of cantilever beams have been used to mechanically detect and quantitatively analyze multiple reactions of DNA hybridization and antigen-antibody binding simultaneously. The reaction-induced deflection of a cantilever beam reflects the interplay between strain energy increase of the beam and the free energy reduction of a reaction, providing an ideal tool for investigating the connection between mechanics and chemistry of biomolecular reactions. Since free energy reduction is common for all reactions, the cantilever array forms a universal platform for label-free detection of various specific biomolecular reactions. A few such reactions and their implications in More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    On the Molecular Basis for Mechanotransduction

    Roger D. Kamm1,1,2,2, Mohammad R. Kaazempur-Mofrad1,1

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 201-210, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.201

    Abstract Much is currently known about the signaling pathways that are excited when cells are subjected to a mechanical stimulus, yet we understand little of the process by which the mechanical perturbation is transformed into a biochemical signal. Numerous theories have been proposed, and each has merit. While cells may possess many different ways of responding to stress, the existence of a single unifying principle has much appeal. Here we propose the hypothesis that cells sense mechanical force through changes in protein conformation, leading to altered binding affinities of proteins, ultimately initiating an intracellular signaling cascade More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Determination of membrane tension during balloon distension of intestine

    H. Gregersen1, G.S. Kassab2, Y.C. Fung2

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 191-200, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.191

    Abstract During the last decades, it has become increasingly common to make balloons distension in visceral organs in vivo. In particular this is true for studies of gastrointestinal motor function and biomechanics. Balloon distension is often used for assessment of small intestinal compliance and tension based on Laplace's law for cylindrical pressure pipes. This commonly used law is valid only when the balloon-distended intestine is cylindrical. Experimentally, it is seen that the diameter of the balloon-distended intestine is not a constant, but variable in the axial direction. Hence, it is necessary to improve Laplace's law for intestinal… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Improved Mathematical Approach for Determination of Molecular Kinetics in Living Cells with FRAP

    Tanmay Lele1,1, Philmo Oh1,1, Jeffrey A. Nickerson1,1,2,2, Donald E. Ingber1,1,3,3

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 181-190, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.181

    Abstract The estimation of binding constants and diffusion coefficients of molecules that associate with insoluble molecular scaffolds inside living cells and nuclei has been facilitated by the use of Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) in conjunction with mathematical modeling. A critical feature unique to FRAP experiments that has been overlooked by past mathematical treatments is the existence of an `equilibrium constraint': local dynamic equilibrium is not disturbed because photobleaching does not functionally destroy molecules, and hence binding-unbinding proceeds at equilibrium rates. Here we describe an improved mathematical formulation under the equilibrium constraint which provides a more… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Nonlinear Elastic and Viscoelastic Deformation of the Human Red Blood Cell with Optical Tweezers

    J. P. Mills1,1, L. Qie2,2, M. Dao1,1, C. T. Lim2,2, S. Suresh1,3

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 169-180, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.169

    Abstract Studies of the deformation characteristics of single biological cells can offer insights into the connections among mechanical state, biochemical response and the onset and progression of diseases. Deformation imposed by optical tweezers provides a useful means for the study of single cell mechanics under a variety of well-controlled stress-states. In this paper, we first critically review recent advances in the study of single cell mechanics employing the optical tweezers method, and assess its significance and limitations in comparison to other experimental tools. We then present new experimental and computational results on shape evolution, force--extension curves, More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Modeling of Surface-Tension-Driven Flow of Blood in Capillary Tubes

    Jun Wang1, Wei Huang2, Raghbir S. Bhullar3, Pin Tong2

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 161-168, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.161

    Abstract Surface-tension-driven blood flow into a capillary tube, as in some medical devices, is studied. In a previous article, we considered the early stages of the entry flow from a drop of blood into a capillary, and solved the problem analytically under the assumption that the resistance of the air is negligible. In the present note we consider a capillary tube of finite length, with the far end containing a small window which opens to the atmosphere. The dynamic reverberation of the air in the capillary tube is analyzed in conjunction with the dynamics of the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Simple Phenomenological Theory of Tissue Growth

    K.Y. Volokh1

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 147-160, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.147

    Abstract A simple phenomenological framework for modeling growth of living tissues is proposed. Growth is defined as a change of mass and configuration of the tissue. Tissue is considered as an open system where mass conservation is violated and the full-scale mass balance is applied. A possible structure of constitutive equations is discussed with reference tosimple growing materials. 'Thermoelastic' formulation of the simple growing material is specified. Within this framework traction free growth of cylindrical and spherical bodies is examined. It is shown that the theory accommodates the case where stresses are not generated in uniform More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Illuminating the Dynamics of Intracellular Activity with 'Active' Molecular Reporters

    A. Tsourkas, R. Weissleder1,1

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 133-146, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.133

    Abstract Traditionally, fluorescent and luminescent reporter proteins have been used as indicators of gene expression and protein localization. However, insightful mutagenesis and protein engineering strategies have transformed these simple passive reporters into active biological sensors. Molecular reporters are now being designed to alter their intrinsic optical properties in response to specific biomolecular interactions. Applications for these novel biological sensors range from monitoring intracellular pH and ion fluxes to detecting protein-protein interactions and enzymatic activity. The ability to monitor the dynamics of intracellular activity in response to external stimuli can help elucidate the cascade of events involved More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Understanding Actin Organization in Cell Structure through Lattice Based Monte Carlo Simulations

    Kathleen Puskar1, Leonard Apeltsin2, Shlomo Ta’asan3, Russell Schwartz2, Philip R. LeDuc4

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 123-132, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.123

    Abstract Understanding the connection between mechanics and cell structure requires the exploration of the key molecular constituents responsible for cell shape and motility. One of these molecular bridges is the cytoskeleton, which is involved with intracellular organization and mechanotransduction. In order to examine the structure in cells, we have developed a computational technique that is able to probe the self-assembly of actin filaments through a lattice based Monte Carlo method. We have modeled the polymerization of these filaments based upon the interactions of globular actin through a probabilistic model encompassing both inert and active proteins. The More >

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