Mirleau-Thebaud V^1,2, JD Scheiner¹, J Dayde¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 203-210, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.203

Abstract Plant yield and oil content determine sunflower production. Those plant production determinants depend in turn on the plant–environment interaction. In the South West of France, there have been recent advances in soil tillage. To date, 35% of the soil surface dedicated to sunflower is cropped under a reduced tillage system. Major constraints to sunflower cropping are water stress and cryptogamic diseases. The second most important sunflower disease in the South West of France is premature ripening caused by Phoma macdonaldii. Aims of this work were to: 1) understand how these factors influence sunflower yield, and 2) quantify the fatty acid… More >

Villamil MB¹, NM Amiotti², N Peinemann³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 193-201, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.193

Abstract Demand for greater cattle production at the El Caldenal area in central Argentina has resulted in overgrazing in a patchy grassland structure. Patches are clearly identified on the basis of dominant plant species resulting from their grazing history. Our primary objective was to examine the influence of individual plants at each patch on the local multivariate pattern of soil nutrients, assessing the magnitude of the association between the concentration of nutrients in the plant and its underlying soil. Canonical discriminant analysis highlighted the important role of soil organic matter, available P, and Zn content of soils to segregate among patches.… More >

Martínez-Rubin de Celis E¹, E Rivas-Robles², L Martínez-Corral³, J Frías-Ramírez¹, J Orozco-Vidal¹, M Fortis-Hernández¹, MA Segura Castruita¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 189-192, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.189

Abstract Soil compaction or increase of soil bulk density (Da) as a result of applied loads is expressed as an increase in soil bulk density and soil resistance to penetration. Factors in soil compaction due to vehicular traffic include: the amount of load, soil moisture content and the number of passes over the land. Soil compaction results in the formation of layers that can limit or delay (1) the aeration process; (2) root penetration and infiltration; (3) absorption capacity and soil water retention; (4) nutrient movement; (5) heat transfer, and (6) seedling emergency. At the same time, it will produce plants… More >

Deng JB¹, CB Ding¹, L Zhang¹, YH Zhou², RW Yang¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 181-188, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.181

Abstract Four isozymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and cytochrome oxidase (COD) were studied for identification of six herbal species (Curcuma L.). All the 37 study specimens produced a total of 168 polymorphism isozyme bands. The genetic distance coefficients (GS) varied from 0.08 to 0.54. The dendrogram, obtained according to the polymorphism isozyme bands by the UPGMA method with the software NTSYS–pc2.1, contributed to improve the resolution of phylogeny. From the dendrogram, it was possible to differentiate between the wild and cultivated specimens of C. longa, and within C. sichuanensis species. More >

García Osuna HT, A Benavides Mendoza, L Escobedo Bocardo, JA Villarreal Quintanilla, E Cornejo Oviedo

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 175-179, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.175

Abstract Turbinicarpus valdezianus is a species under special protection, according to the current law NOM-059-ECOL-2010. It spreads preferably through shoot proliferation in vitro. A common problem associated with the propagation of this species by tissue culture is the hyperhydricity or excess of water accumulation in the tissues of shoots explants. The literature on this topic indicates that such response is related with oxidative stress. Because of this, the effects of inhibitors of the gibberellins [paclobutrazol (PBZ) and calcium prohexadione (PCa)] and salicylic (SA) and benzoic acids (BA) were tested to diminish the hiperhydrycity of the sprouts, which was measured after twelve… More >

García-Pereyra J¹, CGS Valdés-Lozano², G Alejandre-Iturbide³, I Villanueva Fierro³, OG Alvarado Gómez⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 167-173, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.167

Abstract Five genotypes of amaranth were evaluated: four of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. (collect 153-5-3, 653, 655 and Criollo Tlaxcala) and one of A. cruentus L. genotype 33. Studies were conducted in the cycle of spring-summer (PV) 2000 in Marín, N. L., and PV 2001 and PV 2002 in El Valle del Guadiana, Dgo. A completely randomized design with two repetitions was used, with factorial arrangement using split-plots, divided in space and time. The study population densities (DP) were 125000; 62500; 41666; 32500 and 18666 plants/ha. They analyzed (1) the stability of the genotypes exposed to different environments following Eberhart & Russell… More >

Zhang JT¹, B Xu¹, M Li²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 161-166, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.161

Abstract The content of active compounds in Glycyrrhiza uralensis may vary among populations in different regions, and be influenced by environmental variables. We determined the effects of soil and climate on contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in various populations of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Fifty individuals from 5 rangeland populations in arid and semi-arid regions of North China were collected and analyzed. The contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin were determined using the HPLC method. Contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin varied significantly among populations as follows: Chifeng > Hangjinqi > Minqin > Aletai > Kashi. These contents were significantly correlated with… More >

Menezes LCCR de¹, MN Rossi²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 153-160, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.153

Abstract After a fire event, germination of seeds with hard coats can be enhanced. In the present study, we investigated whether germination of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze (Fabaceae) seeds, which present hard coats, is increased after fire, even though these trees usually occur in damp areas, where fire is a transient event. Fire events were manipulated in trays filled with soil covered with different amounts of dry grasses, characterizing three treatments: a) 0g (control group); b) 300g, and c) 450g of dry grass. Burning treatments were applied to seeds positioned either on the soil surface or buried in the soil. Germination… More >

Mirassón HR¹, IR Palomo², RE Brevedan², MN Fioretti²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 147-151, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.147

Abstract Safflower production is mainly concentrated in northwestern Argentina although the most suitable area for its production is the central, Semiarid Pampean Region. The response of different varieties able to produce high sustainable yields was studied under different environments, with the idea of promoting these varieties in the study region. Six variety trials were carried out at two locations in the study area, Santa Rosa (La Pampa, 36° 39’ S, 64° 16’ W) and Tres Picos (Buenos Aires, 38° 16’ S, 62° 13’ W), during several years. Relative yield was used as a measure of safflower stability. Varieties S-541, S-200 and… More >

Garcia Sanchez E^1,2, CB Ramirez Lopez^1,2, REN del Rio Torres², MM Martinez Pacheco²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.80, pp. 139-146, 2011, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2011.80.139

Abstract An important study in species of the genus Eupatorium, that inhabits other parts of the world, was conducted in the search for new molecules with pharmacological activities, thus showing that it is a potential source of novel secondary metabolites. We reviewed the number of Eupatorium species that have been described in the State of Michoacan, and that can be available for harvesting, to make a phytochemical screening. It was found that 69 Eupatorium spp are growing in 69% of the Michoacan territory. Within this group there are ten species used in Mexican traditional medicine. It was evident the difficulty in… More >