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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Dithiothreitol and PEG Induced Combined Stress May Affect the Expressions of ABA Aldehyde Oxidase, Sucrose Synthase and Proline Metabolic Genes in Maize Seedlings

    Cansu Altuntaş1, Rabiye Terzi1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 487-495, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08919

    Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle in the cell where proteins are created and folded. Folding is a very elaborate process that is often interrupted by various biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to the formation of unfolded and misfolded proteins called ER stress. Dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been recently reported in plants. Also, previous studies demonstrated that treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) could stimulate water deficit in crops. However, further researches should be conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ER stress response and the relationship between water deficiency and ER. In… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation in Associated with H2O2 Improved the Productivity of Maize under Clay-Rich Soil of Adana, Turkey

    Alhan Sariyev1, Celaleddin Barutcular2,*, Mert Acar1, Akbar Hossain3, Ayman EL Sabagh2,4,5,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 519-528, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09142

    Abstract Maize being sub-tropical crop is sensitive to water deficit during the early growth stages; particularly clay-rich soil, due to the compaction of the soil. It is well-documented that potential sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) (Full irrigation; SDIFull (100% field capacity (FC)), Deficit irrigation; SDIDeficit (70% FC)) improves water use efficiency, which leads to increased crop productivity; since it has a constraint that SDI excludes soil air around the root-zone during irrigation events, which alter the root function and crop performance. Additionally, in clayrich soils, the root system of plants generally suffers the limitation of oxygen, particularly the temporal hypoxia, and occasionally… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Sexual Morph of Furcasterigmium furcatum (Plectosphaerellaceae) from Magnolia liliifera Collected in Northern Thailand

    Jutamart Monkai1, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena1,2, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura3,*, Kevin D. Hyde1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 765-777, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09720

    Abstract We isolated an interesting fungus from dead leaves of Magnolia liliifera collected from Chiang Mai, Thailand. The novel strain is related to Plectosphaerellaceae based on the morphology of its asexual morph and the analysis of sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses using a combined gene analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data showed that this strain is clustered in the same clade with Furcasterigmium furcatum with high statistical support. The new strains produced the asexual morph in culture which is morphologically similar to F. furcatum. Thus, we identified this strain as the sexual morph of F. furcatum. This is the first record… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Trichoderma-Induced Improvement in Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Proline, and Glutathione Levels in Cucurbita pepo Seedlings under Salt Stress

    Mona H. Soliman1, Taghreed S. Alnusaire2, Nessreen F. Abdelbaky3,4, Aisha A. M. Alayafi5, Mirza Hasanuzzaman6,*, Mohamed M. Rowezak2, Mohamed El-Esawi7, Amr Elkelish8

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 473-486, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08795

    Abstract Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stress in plants. However, traditional approaches are not always efficient in conferring salt tolerance. Experiments were conducted to understand the role of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum and T. viride) in growth, chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis, and proline accumulation of C. pepo exposed to salinity stress. There were three salt stress (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) lavels and three different Trichoderma inoculation viz. T. harzianum, T. viride, and T. harzianum + T. viride. Salt stress significantly declined the growth in terms of the shoot and root lengths; however, it was improved by the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Comparative Efficacy of Weed Control Practices for Parthenium Weed and Sunflower Crop under Varying Tillage Systems

    Noor Ahmad1,*, Rana Nadeem Abbas1, Asif Tanveer1, Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 727-742, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08536

    Abstract Parthenium poses serious threat to modern crop production system and necessitate evaluating control practices for its effective management. Efficacy of different weed control practices for controlling parthenium was explored in conventional and deep tillage systems in the field conditions. Hand hoeing (20 and 35 days after emergence), S-Metolachlor (pre-emergence herbicide), sorghum straw mulch @ 5 tons ha-1 and combination of hand hoeing and sorghum straw mulch (hand hoeing at 20 and straw mulch at 35 days after emergence) were used as weed control practice. Weedy check where no weed control measure was applied was also included in this experiment for… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Assessment of Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review

    Akwasi Yeboah1, Jiannong Lu1, Ting Yang1, Yuzhen Shi1, Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede1, Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim Boateng2, Xuegui Yin1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 453-472, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09267

    Abstract Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, and lead into the environment. These metals are non-biodegradable and toxic, causing much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans, which have become a major global concern. The inherent ability of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy. Castor plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils, owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating capacity. Castor plants to some… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Oxidative Stress Tolerance Mechanism in Rice under Salinity

    Mahmuda Binte Monsur1, Nasrin Akter Ivy1, M. Moynul Haque2, Mirza Hasanuzzaman3, Ayman EL Sabagh4,5,*, Md. Motiar Rohman6,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 497-517, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09144

    Abstract The research was conducted to investigate comparative oxidative damage including probable protective roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under salinity stress. Seedlings of two rice genotypes: Pokkali (tolerant) and BRRI dhan28 (sensitive) were subjected to 8 dSm−1 salinity stress for seven days in a hydroponic system. We observed significant variation between Pokkali and BRRI dhan28 in phenotypic, biochemical and molecular level under salinity stress. Carotenoid content, ion homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione redox system and proline accumulation may help Pokkali to develop defense system during salinity stress. However, the activity antioxidant enzymes particularly… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Plant Derived Antiviral Products for Potential Treatment of COVID-19: A Review

    Rashid Iqbal Khan1,*, Mazhar Abbas1, Khurram Goraya2, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye3, Subhan Danish3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 438-452, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010972

    Abstract COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is declared global pandemic. The virus owing high resemblance with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has been placed in family of beta-coronavirus. However, transmission and infectivity rate of COVID-19 is quite higher as compared to other members of family. Effective management strategy with potential drug availability will break the virus transmission chain subsequently reduce the pressure on the healthcare system. Extensive research trials are underway to develop novel efficient therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have discussed the origin and family of coronavirus, structure, genome and pathogenesis of virus SARS-CoV-2 inside human host cell; comparison among SARS,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Constructive Texture Steganography Based on Compression Mapping of Secret Messages

    Fengyong Li1, *, Zongliang Yu1, Chuan Qin2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.124, No.1, pp. 393-410, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09452

    Abstract This paper proposes a new constructive texture synthesis steganographic scheme by compressing original secret messages. First, we divide the original message into multiple bit blocks, which are transferred to decimal values and compressed into small decimal values by recording their interval sign characters. Then, a candidate pattern is generated by combining the given source pattern and boundary extension algorithm. Furthermore, we segment the candidate pattern into multiple candidate patches and use affine transformation algorithm to locate secret positions on a blank canvas, which are used to hide the sign characters by mapping the candidate patches. Finally, we select the candidate… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Three-Dimensional Collapse Analysis for a Shallow Cavity in Layered Strata Based on Upper Bound Theorem

    Hongtao Wang1,2,*, Ping Liu1,2, Lige Wang3,4,*, Chi Liu5, Xin Zhang1,2, Luyao Liu1,2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.124, No.1, pp. 375-391, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08270

    Abstract Layered rock strata are observed to be common during the excavation of tunnels or cavities, and may significantly affect the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock masses due to various complex forms and mechanical properties. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional axisymmetric velocity field for roof collapse of shallow cavities in multi rock layers, by considering the influences of roof cross-section shapes, supporting pressure, ground overload, etc. The internal energy dissipation rate and work rates of external forces corresponding to the velocity field are computed by employing the Hoek-Brown strength criterion and its associated flow rule. Further, the… More >

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