Cardoso PF¹, JA Scarpassa¹, LG Pretto-Giordano², ES Otaguiri³, SF Yamada-Ogatta³, G Nakazato³, MRE Perugini⁴, IC Moreira⁵, GT Vilas-BÔas^1*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 218-224, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.218

Abstract Plants contain numerous constituents and are valuable sources of new biologically active molecules. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is cultivated and used as food in most tropical and subtropical countries. Its high nutritional value and biological activities, as antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, have been thoroughly investigated. Interest in plant extracts with antimicrobial properties has increased as a result of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Among bacterial species with clinical importance to multiple hosts, Streptococcus agalactiae is outstanding, as it can cause infections especially in humans, fish and cattle. The… More >

Vital-López L, MA Cruz-Hernández, S Fernández-Dávila, A Mendoza-Herrera

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 210-217, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.210

Abstract Genetically modified crops could cause negative effects on bacterial communities. In this study, we compared the bacterial community structure of two maize cultivars to determine whether the transgenic cultivar exerts a negative effect on bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere. Cultivars included the genetically modified maize (Zea mays), with the pat-gene conferring resistance to the herbicide glufosinate (synonym: L-phosphinothricin), and the hybrid, conventional maize. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from the rhizosphere of plants grown in a greenhouse. Single-strand conformation polymorphism, based on polymerase chain reaction amplifying a partial subunit rRNA gene was used to characterize and generate genetic More >

Salinas Jiménez V, JC Raya Pérez, CL Aguirre Mancilla, F Chablé Moreno, JG Ramírez Pimentel, G García Rodríguez, J Covarrubias Prieto

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 203-209, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.203

Abstract Eighty S1 maize (Zea mays L.) lines derived from halfsib families with good yield potential (greater than landraces in the region) were evaluated, with the purpose of selecting outstanding lines. Native populations are a source of germplasm for genetic improvement through selection and hybridization. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences between the lines S1 in the variables days to anthesis (FM), silking date (FF), plant height (Apl), ear height (Amz), leaves above ear (NHEmz), ear length (Lmz), row number (Nhil), kernels per row (Ghil), total kernels per ear (TGmz) and grain yield (Rend). All variables… More >

Rodríguez Pérez G¹ F Zavala García¹, A Gutiérrez Diez¹, JE Treviño Ramírez¹, MC Ojeda Zacarías¹, M Mendoza Elos²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 194-202, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.194

Abstract The objective of this study were to estimate selection, simultaneous selection of independent characters, and genetics gain, in a recurrent selection program of full-sib families in two corn populations. We evaluated 81 families under irrigation of two native populations of Pinto Amarillo of maize numbers "15" and "45" at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomy of the UANL, México. The experimental design was a 9x9 alfa-lattice with three replications; the study variables included plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, grain yield, ear length, ear diameter and number of rows More >

Ruíz-Salazar R¹, JS Muruaga-Martínez², MLP Vargas-Vázquez², G Alejandre-Iturbide⁴, G Castañón-Nájera³, S Hernández-Delgado¹, N Almaraz-Abarca⁴, N Mayek-Pérez^1,5

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 184-193, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.184

Abstract In order to identify genes of resistance to four diseases that affect Phaseolus sp. [i.e, Common Bacterial Blight (CBB), Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV), Bean Golden Mosaic Virus (BGMV) and angular leaf spot (ALS)], we amplified nine SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions) markers: four linked to resistance to common blight, two for BCMV, two for BGMV and one for ALS. The genetic material included 16 ayocote bean (P. coccineus) populations collected from different locations at Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico. Populations from Veracruz showed greater number of SCARs for BGMV and ALS compared with populations from Puebla. More >

Valera-Montero LL, PJ Muñoz-Rodríguez, H Silos-Espino, S Flores-Benítez

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 176-183, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.176

Abstract Guava fruit produced in Calvillo, Aguascalientes (Mexico) is considered to be of the best quality in this country. Nevertheless, growers from this place empirically know that there is a noticeable variation among individual trees within the same orchard, and variation among individuals from different orchards. In order to have a clear evidence of this, morphology analysis of guava was performed taking data from seventy nine individuals out of thirty six orchards, while RAPD was performed on a subset of twenty six individuals. Similarity was found for morphology data ranging from 87-100%, while similarity from RAPD More >

Olvera-Mendoza EI¹, SI Lara-Cabrera¹, C Sáenz-Romero², R Lindig-Cisneros³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 169-175, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.169

Abstract To quantify the effect on genetic diversity of restoring tree populations in an area under the influence of an urban heat island, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 72 Ceiba aesculifolia individuals, from a restoration experiment established from 2170 to 2260 m a.s.l. Reintroduced individuals were compared with the provenance from which the seeds were obtained, and two external provenances, for a total of 123 individuals. Samples were analyzed with three AFLP primer combinations. Polymorphisms of 38.4 to 62.5% were obtained. Genetic diversity estimated with the Simpson index ranged from 0.14 to 0.2. The provenances in More >

Liu M^1,2, Z-W Liang^*1,2, L-H Huang^1,2, M-M Wang^1,2, H-Y Yang^1,2

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 162-168, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.162

Abstract Saline-sodic stress is a major abiotic constraint responsible for rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield reductions in Northeast China. The rice root system is crucial for yield development, and it is usually recognized as the key for improving future crop productivity. However, most of the saline-sodic soils in these areas contain high levels of soluble Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃, which results in a high pH (>8.5), clay dispersion, soil swelling, and overall poor soil physical properties. Isolation, washing and measurement of the rice crown roots is highly time-demanding in this kind of soil. Our aim was to explore whether… More >

Wang QL, DH Liu, JY Yue

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 155-161, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.155

Abstract Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. seedlings are sensitive to Cd stress. We used fluorescence imaging to indicate that Cd2+ was localized in cytoplasm in the epidermis of the basal parts of root and vascular tissues after Cd treatment. The nucleoli and the cell walls were the first storage sites of Cd²⁺. When Cd exposure was prolonged, severe irregularly-shaped nuclei were induced. We used silver nitrate staining to analyze the effects of different concentrations (1–300 μM) of cadmium chloride on chromosome, nucleolus and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in root tip cells. Cd²⁺ induced c-mitosis, chromosome bridges, chromosome stickiness and… More >

Qin YY^1,2, F Qi¹, NM Holden³, JJ Cao⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 149-154, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.149

Abstract The Heihe River Basin is a globally significant carbon pool, but its soil organic carbon dynamics is poorly understood. Soil samples taken between 2500 m and 4100 m revealed that the majority (>75%) of soil organic carbon was from 0-40 cm. It showed a negative relationship with pH and soil bulk density, and a positive relationship with altitude and soil water content, respectively. From 2005 to 2011, soil carbon content in the upper catchment decreased from 93 g/kg to 53 g/kg. These results suggest that policies should aim to reduce carbon loss by transferring it More >