@Article{chd.12708,
AUTHOR = {Meera N. Sankar, Shazia Bhombal, William E. Benitz},
TITLE = {PDA: To treat or not to treat},
JOURNAL = {Structural and Congenital Heart Disease},
VOLUME = {14},
YEAR = {2019},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {46--51},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/schd/v14n1/38741},
ISSN = {3071-1738},
ABSTRACT = {Management of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants remains a 
topic of debate. Treatment to produce ductal closure was widely practiced until the 
past decade, despite lack of evidence that it decreases morbidities or mortality. 
Meta‐analyses of trials using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have shown ef‐
fectiveness in accelerating ductal closure, but no reduction in neonatal morbidities, 
regardless of agent used, indication, timing, gestational age, or route of administra‐
tion. Surgical ligation closes the ductus but is associated with adverse effects. 
Recent experience with conservative approaches to treatment suggest improved 
neonatal outcomes and a high rate of spontaneous ductal closure after discharge. 
Careful postdischarge follow‐up is important, however, because potential adverse 
effects of long‐standing aortopulmonary shunts may be an indication for catheter‐
based ductal closure. Identification of extremely preterm infants at greatest risk of 
potential harm from a persistently patent ductus, who may benefit most from treat‐
ment are urgently needed.},
DOI = {10.1111/chd.12708}
}