@Article{chd.12858,
AUTHOR = {Nadya Golfenshtein, Alexandra L. Hanlon, Janet A. Deatrick, Barbara Medoff‐Cooper},
TITLE = {Parenting stress trajectories during infancy in infants with congenital heart disease: Comparison of single‐ventricle and biventricular heart physiology},
JOURNAL = {Structural and Congenital Heart Disease},
VOLUME = {14},
YEAR = {2019},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {1113--1122},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/schd/v14n6/38927},
ISSN = {3071-1738},
ABSTRACT = {<b>Objective:</b> Parents of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) experience 
increased parenting stress levels, potentially interfering with parenting practices 
and bear adverse family outcomes. Condition severity has been linked to parenting 
stress. The current study aimed to explore parenting stress trajectories over infancy 
in parents of infants with complex CHD, and to compare them by post‐operative 
cardiac physiology.<br/>
<b>Design:</b> Data from a larger prospective cohort study was analyzed using longitudinal 
mixed‐effects regression modeling.<br/>
<b>Setting:</b> Cardiac intensive care unit and outpatient clinic of a 480‐bed children's
hospital in the American North‐Atlantic region.<br/>
<b>Participants:</b> Parents of infants with complex CHD (n = 90).<br/>
<b>Measures:</b> Parenting stress was measured via the parenting stress index‐long form 
over four time points during infancy.<br/>
<b>Results:</b> Parents of infants with a single‐ventricle heart experienced a decrease in 
total stress over time. Parents of infants with a biventricular heart experienced a 
decrease in attachment‐related stress, and an increase in stress related to infant 
temperament over time. Parenting stress trajectories over time significantly differed 
between groups on infant temperamental subscales.<br/>
<b>Conclusions:</b> Findings highlight stressful and potentially risky periods for parents of 
infants with complex CHD, and introduce additional illness‐related and psychosocial/
familial aspects to the parenting stress concept. Early intervention may promote 
parental adaptive coping and productive parenting practices in this population.},
DOI = {10.1111/chd.12858}
}