@Article{chd.12862,
AUTHOR = {Dana Y. Fuhrman, Lan Nguyen, Morgan Hindes, John A. Kellum},
TITLE = {Baseline tubular biomarkers in young adults with congenital heart disease as compared to healthy young adults: Detecting subclinical kidney injury},
JOURNAL = {Structural and Congenital Heart Disease},
VOLUME = {14},
YEAR = {2019},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {963--967},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/schd/v14n6/38931},
ISSN = {3071-1738},
ABSTRACT = {<b>Background:</b> There are significant implications for kidney disease in young adults 
with congenital heart disease. Prior investigations have not focused on the use of 
urinary tubular biomarkers for the early identification of kidney disease in this growing patient group.<br/>
<b>Objective:</b> Determine if young adults with congenital heart disease have differences in the baseline concentration of urinary tubular biomarkers when compared to 
healthy young adults.<br/>
<b>Design/Methods:</b> In a pilot case control study, 30 patients from 18 to 35 years of age 
with congenital heart disease and a normal serum creatinine were recruited during 
a routine follow-up visit. In the same age group, 30 control subjects without history 
of heart or kidney disease were recruited. Urine samples were obtained to measure 
beta 2-microglobin, alpha 1-microglobin, N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase, liver fatty 
acid binding protein, kidney injury molecule-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2. Comparisons were done using 
Wilcoxon rank-sum or Fisher’s exact test.<br/>
<b>Results:</b> No study participants had proteinuria on urine dipstick. Median concentrations of kidney injury molecule-1 were higher (P=.01) and concentrations of insulin-like 
growth factor binding protein 7 (P = .001) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 
(P = .009) were lower in the subjects with congenital heart disease when compared to 
the control subjects. There were no significant differences between the groups with 
respect to the other biomarkers.<br/>
<b>Conclusion:</b> Our data suggest that young adults with congenital heart disease may 
have subclinical kidney dysfunction. Lower levels of insulin-like growth factor binding 
protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 may indicate an impaired ability 
to respond to injury, while higher levels of kidney injury molecule-1 may reflect early 
tubular injury.},
DOI = {10.1111/chd.12862}
}