@Article{CHD.2020.011977,
AUTHOR = {Gustaf Tanghöj, Anna Lindam, Petru Liuba, Gunnar Sjöberg, Estelle Naumburg},
TITLE = {Atrial Septal Defect in Children: The Incidence and Risk Factors for Diagnosis},
JOURNAL = {Structural and Congenital Heart Disease},
VOLUME = {15},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {287--299},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/schd/v15n5/40251},
ISSN = {3071-1738},
ABSTRACT = {<b>Objective:</b> Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) is a common congenital heart defect, and interatrial communications among preterm children is
even more common. The objective of this study was to calculate the incidence
of ASD II in children, with assessment to gestational age at birth. Further, to
assess maternal, prenatal and postnatal risk factors associated with ASD II among
children of different gestational age at birth. <b>Design:</b> This national registry based
retrospective incidence study was supplemented with a national case-control
study, using the Swedish Register of Congenial Heart Disease, Swedish Medical
Birth Register and Statistics Sweden. All children, 0–18 years of age, born in
Sweden and diagnosed with an ASD II between 2010 and 2015 were included
in the study and compared with children without diagnosis of ASD II. <b>Results:</b>
The yearly overall incidence of ASD II was 150 per 100 000 live births. However,
this incidence ranged from 449 per 100 000 live births to 1737 per 100 000 live
births, with higher incidence among preterm children. ASD II was associated with
a presence of persistent ductus arteriosus; OR = 8.11 (Cl 95% 2.80–16.69), female
gender; OR = 1.39 (Cl 95% 1.18–1.63) and being small for gestational age; OR =
1.86 (Cl 95% 1.29–2.68). Born preterm was also associated with ASD II; born at
32–36 gestational children; OR = 3.21 (Cl 95% 2.46–4.19), and born <32 gestational weeks; OR = 4.02 (Cl 95% 2.80–7.12). <b>Conclusion:</b> Preterm children have
a higher incidence of ASD II than previously found, increasing with lower gestational age at birth. Preterm birth is an independent risk factor for ASD II diagnosis
with three to four times, suggesting that this group of children may need new
structured follow up program with careful assessment of indication when need
of treatment and closure.},
DOI = {10.32604/CHD.2020.011977}
}