@Article{chd.2023.042243,
AUTHOR = {Shota Kawai, Takashi Kido, Yuta Teguri, Koji Miwa, Tomomitsu Kanaya, Yoichiro Ishii, Hisaaki Aoki, Futoshi Kayatani, Sanae Tsumura},
TITLE = {Long-Term Outcomes of Systemic-to-Pulmonary Artery Shunt in Patients with Functional Single Ventricle and Heterotaxy Syndrome},
JOURNAL = {Structural and Congenital Heart Disease},
VOLUME = {18},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {399--411},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/schd/v18n4/54178},
ISSN = {3071-1738},
ABSTRACT = { <b>Objectives:</b> We sought to determine the long-term outcomes and mortality-associated factors after systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt (SPS) in patients with heterotaxy syndrome. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed all patients with a functional single ventricle and heterotaxy syndrome who underwent SPS at our center from January 2001 to April 2022. <b>Results:</b> This study involved 84 patients. Restrictive pulmonary blood flow requiring early modulation was presented in 34 (40%) patients. Compared with patients without restrictive pulmonary blood flow (N = 50 [60%]), the postnatal survival of these 34 patients was significantly lower at 10 years (log rank: <i>p</i> = 0.04), but the statistical significance disappeared at 20 years (log rank: <i>p</i> = 0.18). Among 31 patients who underwent SPS, 11 (35%) had extracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). The survival rate after SPS was 80% at 10 years. Cox regression analysis showed that extracardiac TAPVC (hazard ratio 6.44, 95% confidence interval 1.23–33.7, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) at TAPVC repair (hazard ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 2.13–58.5, <i>p</i> = 0.004) were significantly associated with death. In 25 patients who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS), surgical interventions on the pulmonary artery (PA) were performed after SPS in 7 of 9 patients with PA coarctation, 3 of 4 with non-confluent PAs, and 4 of 12 with normal PAs. At SPS, primary central PA plasty was performed in three patients with PA coarctation and 2 with non-confluent PAs. There was no significant difference in the PA index before BCPS between patients with and without primary central PA plasty (<i>p</i> = 0.49). Among 20 patients who underwent total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), adverse events occurred in 7 (35%) patients, including death in 1 (5%), intervention for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) in 3 (15%), and surgical intervention for PVO in 3 (15%). The B-type natriuretic peptide concentration was significantly higher in patients with than without adverse events (<i>p</i> = 0.02). The adverse event-free survival rate after TCPC was 69% at 10 years. <b>Conclusion:</b> Extracardiac TAPVC and PVO at TAPVC repair were significantly associated with death after SPS in patients who had heterotaxy syndrome with a single ventricle. Surgical interventions on the PA were frequently required after SPS in patients with PA coarctation or non-confluent PAs. Although satisfactory survival was achievable after TCPC, late-onset PAVM and PVO remain concerns.},
DOI = {10.32604/chd.2023.042243}
}