TY  - EJOU
AU  - Galluzzo, Roberto Noya 
AU  - Correggio, Karine Souza Da 
AU  - Wangenheim, Aldo von 
AU  - Werner, Heron 
AU  - Bravo-Valenzuela, Nathalie Jeanne 
AU  - Júnior, Edward Araujo 
AU  - Onofre, Alexandre Sherlley Casimiro 

TI  - Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Heart Diseases: Systematic Review
T2  - Structural and Congenital Heart Disease

PY  - 2025
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SN  - 3071-1738

AB  - <b>Introduction:</b> Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses risks to mothers and offspring, increasing the incidence of structural congenital heart disease (CHD) and myocardial hypertrophy in newborns. <b>Objective:</b> This review aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and CHD. <b>Methods:</b> This systematic review used the STROBE and TRIPOD checklists registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024513858). It focused on diagnostic test accuracy using the Munn et al. protocol for systematic assessment, emphasizing the “PIRD”: Population, Index Test, Reference Test, Diagnosis of Interest. This review aimed the following PIRD model question: ‘Does diabetic pregnant woman influence in fetal cardiac malformation?’ using PRISMA 2020 statement. A systematic review was conducted on 19 October 2023 in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), LILACS, and SciELO. Only articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages were selected. <b>Results:</b> Seven studies between 2018 and 2023 were selected. The studies differed in terms of the cardiac ultrasound parameters used to assess CHD and diagnose diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. They highlight the importance of fetal echocardiography in detecting CHD prenatally and assessing the impact of diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac health, recommending proactive care planning and early intervention for better outcomes. <b>Conclusions:</b> The studies highlight the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus, particularly GDM, on fetal cardiac development and support early detection by fetal echocardiography. Standardization and collaboration are essential to refine management and outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.
KW  - Maternal diabetes; gestational diabetes mellitus; congenital heart disease; fetal echocardiography; systematic review

DO  - 10.32604/chd.2025.063014