Open Access

ARTICLE

Computational Analysis of Airflow in Upper Airway under Light and Heavy Breathing Conditions for a Realistic Patient Having Obstructive Sleep Apnea

W. M. Faizal^1,2, N. N. N. Ghazali^2,*, C. Y. Khor¹, M. Z. Zainon², Irfan Anjum Badruddin^3,4,*, Sarfaraz Kamangar⁴, Norliza Binti Ibrahim⁵, Roziana Mohd Razi⁶

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
3 Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
6 Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

* Corresponding Authors: N. N. N. Ghazali. Email: nik ; Irfan Anjum Badruddin. Email: