A Systematic Review of Frameworks for the Detection and Prevention of Card-Not-Present (CNP) Fraud
Kwabena Owusu-Mensah*, Edward Danso Ansong , Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Winfred Yaokumah
Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 33-92, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.074265
- 20 January 2026
Abstract The rapid growth of digital payment systems and remote financial services has led to a significant increase in Card-Not-Present (CNP) fraud, which is now the primary source of card-related losses worldwide. Traditional rule-based fraud detection methods are becoming insufficient due to several challenges, including data imbalance, concept drift, privacy concerns, and limited interpretability. In response to these issues, a systematic review of twenty-four CNP fraud detection frameworks developed between 2014 and 2025 was conducted. This review aimed to identify the technologies, strategies, and design considerations necessary for adaptive solutions that align with evolving regulatory standards.… More >