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ARTICLE
Comparison of 2D and 4D Flow MRI Measurements for Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Fontan Palliation
Elisa Listo1,#, Nicola Martini2,#, Stefano Salvadori3, Elisa Valenti3, Nicola Stagnaro1, Gianluca Trocchio4, Chiara Marrone5, Alberto Clemente6, Francesca Raimondi7,*, Pierluigi Festa5, Lamia Ait Ali5,8,*
1 Department of Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
2 U.O.C. Bioingegneria, Gabriele Monasterio CNR-Tuscany Foundation, Pisa, Italy
3 Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
4 Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
5 Pediatric Cardiology and GUCH Unit Massa, Gabriele Monasterio CNR-Tuscany Foundation, Massa, Italy
6 Gabriele Monasterio CNR-Tuscany Foundation, Pisa, Italy
7 Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Florence, Italy
8 Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Massa, Italy
* Corresponding Authors: Francesca Raimondi. Email: ; Lamia Ait Ali. Email:
Congenital Heart Disease 2023, 18(6), 627-638. https://doi.org/10.32604/chd.2023.030312
Received 30 March 2023; Accepted 10 August 2023; Issue published 19 January 2024
Abstract
Background: The assessment of Fontan circuit’s flow is traditionally evaluated by multiple through-plane phase-contrast MRI acquisitions (2D flow), while recently, a single volumetric 4D-flow MRI acquisition is emerging as a comprehensive tool for the hemodynamic evaluation in congenital heart diseases.
Purpose: To compare 2D and 4D-flow MRI measurements in patients after Fontan palliation and to evaluate parameters affecting potential disagreement.
Methods: 39 patients after Fontan palliation (23 males, age 22 ± 11 years) who underwent cardiac MRI with 2D and 4D-flow MRI acquisition were included in the study. In all patients, blood flow quantification in the Fontan circuit and aorta by 2D flow and by 4D flow MRI acquisition blinding to the 2D results was performed. The agreement between 2D and 4D-flow MRI was calculated as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The mean absolute differences between 4D and 2D flows were analyzed using linear regression models.
Results: 4D-flow MRI acquisition time was slightly lower than 2D (7.6 ± 1.8 min
vs. 9.4 ± 3.3 min,
p = 0.03). Flow was slightly predominant in the right pulmonary artery (58% of total pulmonary flow). Conduit/tunnel-pulmonary arteries flow accounted for 60% of the Fontan circuit. Agreement between 2D and 4D was overall good-to-excellent from ICC: 0.817 95% CI: 0.637–0.907 to 0.932 95% CI: 0.866–0.965. There was no significant influence of evaluated parameters on the agreement on 4D and 2D flow.
Conclusions: 4D-flow MRI represents a valid tool in Fontan’s flow quantification. Further larger studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate the impact of advanced 4D-flow MRI parameters on the prognostic stratification in patients after Fontan palliation.
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Cite This Article
APA Style
Listo, E., Martini, N., Salvadori, S., Valenti, E., Stagnaro, N. et al. (2023). Comparison of 2D and 4D flow MRI measurements for hemodynamic evaluation of the fontan palliation. Congenital Heart Disease, 18(6), 627-638. https://doi.org/10.32604/chd.2023.030312
Vancouver Style
Listo E, Martini N, Salvadori S, Valenti E, Stagnaro N, Trocchio G, et al. Comparison of 2D and 4D flow MRI measurements for hemodynamic evaluation of the fontan palliation. Congenital Heart Disease . 2023;18(6):627-638 https://doi.org/10.32604/chd.2023.030312
IEEE Style
E. Listo et al., "Comparison of 2D and 4D Flow MRI Measurements for Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Fontan Palliation," Congenital Heart Disease , vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 627-638. 2023. https://doi.org/10.32604/chd.2023.030312