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Integrated Energy-Efficient Distributed Link Stability Algorithm for UAV Networks

Altaf Hussain1, Shuaiyong Li2, Tariq Hussain3, Razaz Waheeb Attar4, Farman Ali5,*, Ahmed Alhomoud6, Babar Shah7

1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
2 Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
3 School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
4 Management Department, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Applied AI, School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea
6 Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia
7 College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Dubai, 19282, United Arab Emirates

* Corresponding Author: Farman Ali. Email: email

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024, 81(2), 2357-2394. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.056694

Abstract

Ad hoc networks offer promising applications due to their ease of use, installation, and deployment, as they do not require a centralized control entity. In these networks, nodes function as senders, receivers, and routers. One such network is the Flying Ad hoc Network (FANET), where nodes operate in three dimensions (3D) using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are remotely controlled. With the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), these nodes form an IoT-enabled network called the Internet of UAVs (IoU). However, the airborne nodes in FANET consume high energy due to their payloads and low-power batteries. An optimal routing approach for communication is essential to address the problem of energy consumption and ensure energy-efficient data transmission in FANET. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient routing protocol named the Integrated Energy-Efficient Distributed Link Stability Algorithm (IEE-DLSA), featuring a relay mechanism to provide optimal routing with energy efficiency in FANET. The energy efficiency of IEE-DLSA is enhanced using the Red-Black (R-B) tree to ensure the fairness of advanced energy-efficient nodes. Maintaining link stability, transmission loss avoidance, delay awareness with defined threshold metrics, and improving the overall performance of the proposed protocol are the core functionalities of IEE-DLSA. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed protocol performs well compared to traditional FANET routing protocols. The evaluation metrics considered in this study include network delay, packet delivery ratio, network throughput, transmission loss, network stability, and energy consumption.

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APA Style
Hussain, A., Li, S., Hussain, T., Attar, R.W., Ali, F. et al. (2024). Integrated energy-efficient distributed link stability algorithm for UAV networks. Computers, Materials & Continua, 81(2), 2357-2394. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.056694
Vancouver Style
Hussain A, Li S, Hussain T, Attar RW, Ali F, Alhomoud A, et al. Integrated energy-efficient distributed link stability algorithm for UAV networks. Comput Mater Contin. 2024;81(2):2357-2394 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.056694
IEEE Style
A. Hussain et al., “Integrated Energy-Efficient Distributed Link Stability Algorithm for UAV Networks,” Comput. Mater. Contin., vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 2357-2394, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.056694



cc Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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