Open Access

ARTICLE

Ordered Clustering-Based Semantic Music Recommender System Using Deep Learning Selection

Weitao Ha¹, Sheng Gang², Yahya D. Navaei³, Abubakar S. Gezawa⁴, Yaser A. Nanehkaran^2,5,*

1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, 714099, China
2 School of Information & Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
3 Department of Computer and Technology Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, 34199-15195, Iran
4 School of Information Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, China
5 Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cankaya University, Ankara, 06790, Türkiye

* Corresponding Author: Yaser A. Nanehkaran. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025, 83(2), 3025-3057. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.061343

Received 22 November 2024; Accepted 04 March 2025; Issue published 16 April 2025

Abstract

Music recommendation systems are essential due to the vast amount of music available on streaming platforms, which can overwhelm users trying to find new tracks that match their preferences. These systems analyze users’ emotional responses, listening habits, and personal preferences to provide personalized suggestions. A significant challenge they face is the “cold start” problem, where new users have no past interactions to guide recommendations. To improve user experience, these systems aim to effectively recommend music even to such users by considering their listening behavior and music popularity. This paper introduces a novel music recommendation system that combines order clustering and a convolutional neural network, utilizing user comments and rankings as input. Initially, the system organizes users into clusters based on semantic similarity, followed by the utilization of their rating similarities as input for the convolutional neural network. This network then predicts ratings for unreviewed music by users. Additionally, the system analyses user music listening behaviour and music popularity. Music popularity can help to address cold start users as well. Finally, the proposed method recommends unreviewed music based on predicted high rankings and popularity, taking into account each user’s music listening habits. The proposed method combines predicted high rankings and popularity by first selecting popular unreviewed music that the model predicts to have the highest ratings for each user. Among these, the most popular tracks are prioritized, defined by metrics such as frequency of listening across users. The number of recommended tracks is aligned with each user’s typical listening rate. The experimental findings demonstrate that the new method outperformed other classification techniques and prior recommendation systems, yielding a mean absolute error (MAE) rate and root mean square error (RMSE) rate of approximately 0.0017, a hit rate of 82.45%, an average normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG) of 82.3%, and a prediction accuracy of new ratings at 99.388%.

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Keywords

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