Open Access

ARTICLE

A Spatial-Temporal Normalized Contrastive Embedding for Robust Motion Similarity Retrieval

Seung-su Lee¹, Young-Been Noh¹, HwaYoung Jeong², Kwang-il Hwang^1,*

1 Department of Embedded Systems Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
2 Humanitas College, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Author: Kwang-il Hwang. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2026, 88(3), 5 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2026.081251

Received 26 February 2026; Accepted 22 May 2026; Issue published 23 July 2026

Abstract

Robust motion similarity retrieval from monocular 2D pose sequences is challenged by body-scale variation, viewpoint inconsistency, translation drift, and temporal misalignment. Existing contrastive skeleton learning methods primarily address action recognition and rarely integrate explicit geometric canonicalization for retrieval-oriented metric learning. This paper proposes a spatial-temporal normalized contrastive embedding framework that unifies structured nuisance suppression with scalable similarity representation learning. A four-stage normalization pipeline—torso-scale normalization, pelvis-centered alignment, posture-axis alignment, and phase-synchronized temporal resampling—removes geometric and temporal distortions prior to embedding. The normalized sequences are encoded using an acausal dilated temporal convolutional network trained with a hybrid contrastive objective combining NT-Xent and semi-hard triplet loss, enabling both global separation and fine-grained stylistic discrimination. A prototype-based representation further supports interpretable amateur-to-professional style mapping. Experiments on a golf swing benchmark achieve a Top-1 accuracy of 91.3%, outperforming BiLSTM and Dynamic Time Warping baselines. The framework establishes an invariant and interpretable paradigm for motion similarity retrieval applicable to broader human movement analysis tasks.

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Keywords

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