John Ojo Ajayi^*, Grace Egenti

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 641-666, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.086419 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI)-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) have evolved to be fundamental in detecting cyberattacks in contemporary networks. Unfortunately, the significant class imbalance present in cybersecurity datasets may introduce unfair biases during model learning, producing unpredictable predictions and inflating false alarm alerts, which eventually hampers practical deployment. This research examines the influence of class imbalance mitigation on model performance, operational fairness, explainability, and the operational integrity of an AI-based IDS subject to extreme class imbalance conditions. Three learning strategies based on Random Forest (i.e., baseline, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), and cost-sensitive learning) are evaluated… More >

Ifeanyi C. Emeto^*, Adamu A. Galadima, Ikechukwu H. Ezeh, Emmanuel O. Atomatofa, Christiana A. Okoloegbo

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 609-640, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.084424 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Software-Defined Networking (SDN) introduces centralised network control and programmability, but its centralised control plane creates significant security vulnerabilities that can be exploited by cyber attackers. This study proposes and evaluates a hybrid security framework that integrates machine learning (ML)-based anomaly detection with blockchain-based authentication to enhance the security of the SDN control plane. The study aimed to analyse vulnerabilities in SDN architectures, develop an ML-driven attack detection model, secure API communications using blockchain-based authentication, and evaluate the performance and scalability of the proposed framework. Vulnerability assessment was conducted using Nmap and STRIDE threat modelling, while… More >

Zhenyang Ye¹, Jinyang Luo¹, Ying Zhang¹, Longhua Lu¹, Min Lei¹, Shi Deng^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.087565 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Programmed cell death regulates the tumor immune microenvironment. A comprehensive synthesis of how multiple programmed cell death pathways collectively orchestrate the remodeling of the urological immune landscape is currently lacking. This review summarizes and discusses how diverse programmed cell death modes, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, PANoptosis, necroptosis and cuproptosis, regulate immune evasion or activation in a context-dependent manner. Current preclinical evidence suggests that necroptosis, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis may enhance anti-tumor immunity by facilitating the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and increasing the infiltration of functional CD8⁺ T cells and dendritic cells, thereby potentially improving responses to… More >

Xiangyang Wang^1,#, Ying Wu^2,3,#, Yutong Fu^3,4, Ejakpovi Emmanuel Oghenefejiro^2,3, Zakari Shaibu³, Cunxi Li⁵, Qi Zhou⁶, Liang Yin^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.087144 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of global cancer mortality, with progression and therapy resistance heavily influenced by the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, overall survival for advanced disease remains poor, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms. A hallmark of the TME is metabolic reprogramming, which sustains tumor growth and actively shapes an immunosuppressive landscape. This review aims to detail the coordinated metabolic adaptations of GC cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells within the TME, focusing on nutrient competition, immunosuppressive… More >

Yu Zheng^1,#, Peng Zheng^2,#, Yidan Zheng³, Zihan Xi^1,*, Tao Huang^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.087138 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Objective: Liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) may alter macrophage-mediated immune regulation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its role in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-associated immune escape remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether L-DOX induces a macrophage-centered PD-L1 response and affects the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in TNBC. Methods: Public bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets, bone marrow-derived macrophage models, CD8⁺ T-cell co-culture assays, promoter-binding analyses, and syngeneic EO771 and 4T1 TNBC mouse models were used to examine PD-L1 regulation and immune function after L-DOX treatment. Results: The principal findings were that L-DOX preferentially induced a PD-L1-high macrophage state… More > Graphic Abstract

Dimitrios Papakonstantinou¹, Vasileios Vardas¹, Despoina M. Varouhaki², Aikaterini Kotzamouratoglou¹, Karolina Mangani¹, Julia A. Ju³, Catherine Alix-Panabières^4,5,6, Stuart S. Martin³, Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos², Galatea Kallergi^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.085665 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Objectives: Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a microtubule-disrupting agent with established anti-tumor properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CA-4 on key metastatic traits of cancer cells, including migration, clonogenic potential, cytoskeletal protein expression, and microtentacle (McTN) formation, using multiple cancer cell models, including the colon patient-derived circulating tumor cell line CTC-MCC-41. Methods: H1299 (non-small cell lung cancer), MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer), HT-29 (colorectal cancer), and CTC-MCC-41 (derived from the blood of a colon cancer patient) cells were treated with CA-4 (10 μM) for 24 and 48 h. Colony formation was assessed with a clonogenic… More > Graphic Abstract

Jiang-Nan Xia^#, Shan-Dong Zhu^#, Wei-Ling Qu, Yi-Lin Hu, Wen-Yi Ma, Wenyan Wang, Qian-Lan Huang, Bing-Yuan Lin, Jia-En Guo, Ying-Wei Li^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.084576 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Objectives: As an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is constrained by the limited availability of effective treatments and the absence of well-validated therapeutic targets. This study aimed to explore whether honokiol, a potent YAP/TAZ inhibitor, suppresses stem cell–like properties and enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in TNBC by blocking YAP/TAZ–TEAD transcriptional complex. Methods: Through both in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC, the current study examined how honokiol influences cell proliferation, cancer stem cell (CSC) traits, and paclitaxel sensitivity. To uncover the molecular mechanisms, we analyzed the transcript levels and protein abundance of core YAP/TAZ–TEAD… More >

Shaohua Chen^1,#, Xiao Gan^1,#, Ping Lv^1,#, Qinggui Meng¹, Xiaocao Lin^1,2,*, Qingyun Zhang^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083704 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Background: While radical cystectomy is standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), micrometastasis-related recurrence is common. Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) confers modest benefits, while immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide new efficacy-enhancing strategies. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of ICIs with chemotherapy (NAC-ICI), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and no neoadjuvant therapy (NNAT). It also explores potential biomarkers predictive of NAT response and evaluates the real-world efficacy of NAC-IC. Method: This single-center retrospective analysis included 80 radical cystectomy patients, with 51 NNAT group and 29 in the NAT group. Survival outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival… More >

Iseult M. Browne^1,2, Monica Esteban Garcia^1,2, Alicia F. C. Okines^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082829 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression, and carries a disproportionate burden of breast cancer-related mortality due to its aggressive biology and historically limited therapeutic options. The treatment landscape of metastatic TNBC has undergone a fundamental transformation over the past decade, driven by immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and the identification of actionable genomic alterations. This review provides a comprehensive, clinically oriented appraisal of the current and emerging therapeutic landscape of metastatic TNBC, encompassing its molecular underpinnings and tumour microenvironment biology. We critically More >

Qingqing Liu^1,2,#, Lei Li^3,4,#, Kumar Ganesan^1,2, Yang Jiang⁵, Kewu Zeng⁶, Yue Sui^1,2, Xinyuan Guan^2,7, Rongfang He^3,*, Jianping Chen^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082536 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Objectives: Sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) participates in endocytic trafficking and has been connected to several malignancies, but its involvement in breast cancer (BC) remains incompletely resolved. This work was designed to examine whether SNX9 supports BC progression and investigate signaling and cytoskeletal processes associated with its activity. Methods: The clinical relevance of SNX9 was assessed using bioinformatics analysis of publicly available cancer databases. Lentiviral vectors were used to establish BC cell models with stable SNX9 overexpression or knockdown. Both cellular (proliferation and motility) and murine (tumor growth and metastatic colonization) experiments were implemented to functionally characterize… More >