Arkan Hammoodi Hasan Kabla, Mohammed Anbar, Selvakumar Manickam, Alwan Ahmed Abdulrahman Alwan, Shankar Karuppayah^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 3375-3398, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036587

Abstract The cyber-criminal compromises end-hosts (bots) to configure a network of bots (botnet). The cyber-criminals are also looking for an evolved architecture that makes their techniques more resilient and stealthier such as Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. The P2P botnets leverage the privileges of the decentralized nature of P2P networks. Consequently, the P2P botnets exploit the resilience of this architecture to be arduous against take-down procedures. Some P2P botnets are smarter to be stealthy in their Command-and-Control mechanisms (C2) and elude the standard discovery mechanisms. Therefore, the other side of this cyberwar is the monitor. The P2P botnet monitoring is an exacting mission… More >

Saima Kauser¹, Tauqeer Safdar Malik^1,*, Mohd Hilmi Hasan², Emelia Akashah P. Akhir², Syed Muhammad Husnain Kazmi³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.1, pp. 1251-1273, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022475

Abstract A web browser is the most basic tool for accessing the internet from any of the machines/equipment. Recently, data breaches have been reported frequently from users who are concerned about their personal information, as well as threats from criminal actors. Giving loss of data and information to an innocent user comes under the jurisdiction of cyber-attack. These kinds of cyber-attacks are far more dangerous when it comes to the many types of devices employed in an internet of things (IoT) environment. Continuous surveillance of IoT devices and forensic tools are required to overcome the issues pertaining to secure data and… More >

Muhammad Javid Iqbal^1,2, Ihsan Ullah^2,*, Muhammad Ali², Atiq Ahmed², Waheed Noor², Abdul Basit²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5381-5397, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024116

Abstract Live video streaming is one of the newly emerged services over the Internet that has attracted immense interest of the service providers. Since Internet was not designed for such services during its inception, such a service poses some serious challenges including cost and scalability. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is an application-level distributed paradigm to offer live video contents. In terms of ease of deployment, it has emerged as a serious alternative to client server, Content Delivery Network (CDN) and IP multicast solutions. Nevertheless, P2P approach has struggled to provide the desired streaming quality due to a number of… More >

Pudi Sekhar¹, T. J. Benedict Jose², Velmurugan Subbiah Parvathy³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Seifedine Kadry⁵, Kuntha Pin⁶, Yunyoung Nam^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 1473-1487, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022110

Abstract With the incorporation of distributed energy systems in the electric grid, transactive energy market (TEM) has become popular in balancing the demand as well as supply adaptively over the grid. The classical grid can be updated to the smart grid by the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) over the grids. The TEM allows the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading in the grid that effectually connects the consumer and prosumer to trade energy among them. At the same time, there is a need to predict the load for effectual P2P energy trading and can be accomplished by the use of… More >

Mohammad Shoab, Abdullah Shawan Alotaibi^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5765-5781, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021941

Abstract Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a class of Machine Learning (ML) that combines Deep Learning with Reinforcement Learning and provides a framework by which a system can learn from its previous actions in an environment to select its efforts in the future efficiently. DRL has been used in many application fields, including games, robots, networks, etc. for creating autonomous systems that improve themselves with experience. It is well acknowledged that DRL is well suited to solve optimization problems in distributed systems in general and network routing especially. Therefore, a novel query routing approach called Deep Reinforcement Learning based Route Selection… More >

Mustafa Kara^1,*, Muhammed Ali Aydın^1,2, Hasan Hüseyin Balık¹

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 1901-1918, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021309

Abstract Peer-to-peer VoIP applications are exposed to threats in the Internet environment as they carry out conversations over the Internet, which is an electronic communication line, and its security has always been largely a matter of concern. Authentication of the caller is the first line of defense among the security principles and is an important principle to provide security in VoIP application. Authentication methods in VoIP applications are usually based on trusted third parties or through centralized architecture. This situation creates problems in terms of single point of failure and privacy in call security over IP based communications. However, blockchain technology… More >

Prakhar Sahu^1,*, S. K. Singh¹, Arun Kumar Singh²

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 107-115, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2021.020831

Abstract Industry 4.0 is one of the hot topic of today’s world where everything in the industry will be data driven and technological advancements will take place accordingly. In the fourth phase of industrial revolution, manufacturers are dependent upon data produced by the consumers to invent, innovate or change anything for the product. Internet of things devices like OBD, RFID, IIoT, Smart devices are the major source of data generation and represents trends in the industry. Since the IoT device are vulnerable to hackers due to its limitation, consumer data security should be tighten up and enhanced. This paper gives an… More >

Le Lai^1,*,Tongqing Zhou¹, Zhiping Cai¹, Zhiyao Liang², Hao Bai¹

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 29-44, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2021.016349

Abstract Bitcoin is known as the first decentralized digital currency around the world. It uses blockchain technology to store transaction data in a distributed public ledger, is a distributed ledger that removes third-party trust institutions. Since its invention, bitcoin has achieved great success, has a market value of about $200 billion. However, while bitcoin has brought a wide and far-reaching impact in the financial field, it has also exposed some security problems, such as selfish mining attacks, Sybil attack, eclipse attacks, routing attacks, EREBUS attacks, and so on. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of various attack scenarios that the bitcoin… More >

Ajay Arunachalam^1,*, Vinayakumar Ravi², Moez Krichen³, Roobaea Alroobaea⁴, Saeed Rubaiee⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1807-1829, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016692

Abstract Broadcasting is a basic technique in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range. Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node. The naive flooding technique, floods the network with query messages, while the random walk technique operates by contacting the subsets of every node’s neighbors at each step, thereby restricting the search space. One of the key challenges in an ad-hoc network is the resource or content discovery problem which is about locating the queried resource. Many… More >

Ajay Arunachalam^1,*, Vinayakumar Ravi², Moez Krichen³, Roobaea Alroobaea⁴, Jehad Saad Alqurni⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 983-1001, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015371

Abstract One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery problem. How efficiently & quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question? Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range. Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node. The naive flooding technique floods the network with query messages, while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each… More >