Mohammad Mehdi Sharifi Nevisi¹, Elnaz Bashir², Diego Martín^3,*, Seyedkian Rezvanjou⁴, Farzaneh Shoushtari⁵, Ehsan Ghafourian²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 3971-3991, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047875

Abstract This paper focuses on wireless-powered communication systems, which are increasingly relevant in the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their ability to extend the operational lifetime of devices with limited energy. The main contribution of the paper is a novel approach to minimize the secrecy outage probability (SOP) in these systems. Minimizing SOP is crucial for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of data, especially in situations where the transmission of sensitive data is critical. Our proposed method harnesses the power of an improved biogeography-based optimization (IBBO) to effectively train a recurrent neural network (RNN). The proposed IBBO introduces an innovative… More >

Baofeng Ji^1,2,3,*, Ying Wang^1,2,3, Weixing Wang¹, Shahid Mumtaz⁴, Charalampos Tsimenidis⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 1885-1905, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030872

Abstract The utilization of mobile edge computing (MEC) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication presents a viable solution for achieving high reliability and low latency communication. This study explores the potential of employing intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS) and UAVs as relay nodes to efficiently offload user computing tasks to the MEC server system model. Specifically, the user node accesses the primary user spectrum, while adhering to the constraint of satisfying the primary user peak interference power. Furthermore, the UAV acquires energy without interrupting the primary user’s regular communication by employing two energy harvesting schemes, namely time switching (TS) and power splitting… More >

Yulei Wang¹, Li Feng^1,*, Shumin Yao^1,2, Hong Liang¹, Haoxu Shi¹, Yuqiang Chen³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 639-661, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029565

Abstract Interference management is one of the most important issues in the device-to-device (D2D)-enabled heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNets) due to the coexistence of massive cellular and D2D devices in which D2D devices reuse the cellular spectrum. To alleviate the interference, an efficient interference management way is to set exclusion zones around the cellular receivers. In this paper, we adopt a stochastic geometry approach to analyze the outage probabilities of cellular and D2D users in the D2D-enabled HetCNets. The main difficulties contain three aspects: 1) how to model the location randomness of base stations, cellular and D2D users in practical networks; 2)… More >

Zhiping Lu¹, Xinwei Yue^2,*, Shuo Chen², Weiguo Ma¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 789-812, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.027663

Abstract Active intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a novel and promising technology that is able to overcome the multiplicative fading introduced by passive IRS. In this paper, we consider the application of active IRS to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where the incident signals are amplified actively through integrating amplifier to reflecting elements. More specifically, the performance of active/passive IRS-NOMA networks is investigated over large and small-scale fading channels. Aiming to characterize the performance of active IRS-NOMA networks, the exact and asymptotic expressions of outage probability for a couple of users, i.e., near-end user and far-end user are derived by exploiting… More >

Ziwei Liu¹, Xinwei Yue^1,*, Shuo Chen¹, Xuliang Liu², Yafei Wang¹, Wanwei Tang³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.136, No.1, pp. 767-785, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.025300

Abstract Hardware impairments (HI) are always present in low-cost wireless devices. This paper investigates the outage behaviors of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks by taking into account the impact of HI. Specifically, we derive the approximate and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability for the IRS-NOMA-HI networks. Based on the asymptotic results, the diversity orders under perfect self-interference cancellation and imperfect self-interference cancellation scenarios are obtained to evaluate the performance of the considered network. In addition, the system throughput of IRS-NOMA-HI is discussed in delay-limited mode. The obtained results are provided to verify the accuracy of… More >

Xianli Gong¹, Chongwen Huang^2,3,4, Xinwei Yue⁵, Zhaohui Yang^2,4,6, Feng Liu^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 2531-2555, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024940

Abstract In this paper, we consider a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network assisted by two reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) over Rician fading channels, in which each user communicates with the base station by the virtue of a RIS to enhance the reliability of the received signal. To evaluate the system performance of our proposed RIS-NOMA network, we first derive the exact and asymptotic expressions for the outage probability and ergodic rate of two users. Then, we derive the exact and asymptotic upper bound expressions for the ergodic rate of the nearby user. Based on asymptotic analytical results, the diversity orders… More >

Xiaoting Ren¹, Kefeng Guo^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 2515-2530, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024857

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance for the two-way integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks with hardware impairments. Particularly, the closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is obtained. Moreover, to get more information on the secrecy outage probability in a high signal-to-noise regime, the asymptotic analysis along with the secrecy diversity order and secrecy coding gain for the secrecy outage probability are also further obtained, which presents a fast method to evaluate the impact of system parameters and hardware impairments on the considered network. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to show the efficiency… More >

Hasnain Kashif^*, Muhammad Nasir Khan

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6001-6017, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031291

Abstract Recently, free space optical (FSO) communication is gaining much attention towards the research community. The reason for this attention is the promises of high data-rate, license-free deployment, and non-interfering links. It can, however, give rise to major system difficulties concerning alignment and atmospheric turbulence. FSO is the degradation in the signal quality because of atmospheric channel impairments and conditions. The worst effect is due to fog particles. Though, Radio Frequency (RF) links are able to transmit the data in foggy conditions but not in rain. To overcome these issues related to both the FSO and RF links. A free space… More >

Yinghua Zhang^1,*, Rui Cao¹, Lixin Tian¹, Rong Dai², Zhennan Cao², Jim Feng³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6513-6534, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029467

Abstract With the continuous maturity of the fifth generation (5G) communications, industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology has been widely applied in fields such as smart factories. In smart factories, 5G-based production line monitoring can improve production efficiency and reduce costs, but there are problems with limited monitoring coverage and insufficient wireless spectrum resources, which restricts the application of IIoT in the construction of smart factories. In response to these problems, we propose a hybrid spectrum access mechanism based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) cooperative relaying transmission to improve the monitoring coverage and spectrum efficiency. As there are a large number… More >

Mohammed Abd-Elnaby^*, Sameer Alsharif, Hesham Alhumyani, Fahad Alraddady

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 1033-1048, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.019341

Abstract Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the promising 5G technologies to improve spectral efficiency massive connectivity and cell-edge throughput. The performance of NOMA systems mainly depends on the efficiency of the subcarrier allocation algorithm. This paper aims to jointly optimize spectral efficiency (SE), outage probability, and fairness among users with respect to the subcarrier allocation for downlink NOMA systems. We propose a low-complexity greedy-based subcarrier allocation algorithm based on the lowest-opportunities user’s first precept. This precept is based on computing the number of opportunities for each user to select a subcarrier with good channel gain by counting the number… More >