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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Particle Swarm Optimization: Advances, Applications, and Experimental Insights

    Laith Abualigah*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 1539-1592, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060765 - 17 February 2025

    Abstract Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been utilized as a useful tool for solving intricate optimization problems for various applications in different fields. This paper attempts to carry out an update on PSO and gives a review of its recent developments and applications, but also provides arguments for its efficacy in resolving optimization problems in comparison with other algorithms. Covering six strategic areas, which include Data Mining, Machine Learning, Engineering Design, Energy Systems, Healthcare, and Robotics, the study demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of the PSO. Experimental results are, however, used to show the strong and More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Performance of Curvilinear Cylindrical Gears Based on Finite Element Method

    Xuegang Zhang1,*, Yingjie Dong2, Xian Wei1,*, Ruiqi Wang1, Qi Zhang3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 1585-1609, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059580 - 27 January 2025

    Abstract The fixed-setting face-milled curvilinear cylindrical gear features teeth that are arc-shaped along the longitudinal direction. Some researchers hypothesize that this arc-tooth may enhance the lubrication conditions of the gear. This study focuses on this type of gear, employing both finite element analysis (FEA) and analytical methods to determine the input parameters required for elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis. The effects of assembly errors, tooth surface modifications, load, and face-milling cutter radius on the lubrication performance of these gears are systematically investigated. The finite element model (FEM) of the gear pair is utilized to calculate the coordinates… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Predicting the Construction Quality of Projects by Using Hybrid Soft Computing Techniques

    Ching-Lung Fan*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 1995-2017, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059414 - 27 January 2025

    Abstract The construction phase of a project is a critical factor that significantly impacts its overall success. The construction environment is characterized by uncertainty and dynamism, involving nonlinear relationships among various factors that affect construction quality. This study utilized 987 construction inspection records from 1993 to 2022, obtained from the Taiwanese Public Construction Management Information System (PCMIS), to determine the relationships between construction factors and quality. First, fuzzy logic was applied to calculate the weights of 499 defects, and 25 critical construction factors were selected based on these weight values. Next, a deep neural network was… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biochar, Properties and Skills with a Focus on Implications for Vineyard Land and Grapevine Performance

    Pamela Lippi, Giovan Battista Mattii, Eleonora Cataldo*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 33-64, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059997 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract Biochar has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing vineyard sustainability by improving soil properties and mitigating climate change impacts. This review highlights key findings on biochar’s role in viticulture, focusing on its effects on soil fertility, water retention, and plant physiology. Field and pot studies demonstrate that biochar amendments enhance soil structure, increase cation exchange capacity (CEC), and promote water availability, leading to improved drought resistance in grapevines. However, the impacts on grape yield, physiology, and quality remain inconclusive, with some studies reporting benefits while others show neutral effects. Future research should focus on More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Thermo-Hydraulic Performances of Microchannel Heat Sinks with Different Types of Perforated Rectangular Blocks

    Heng Zhao1, Honghua Ma2, Hui Liu1, Xiang Yan1, Huaqing Yu1, Yongjun Xiao1, Xiao Xiao3,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 87-105, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056577 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract The behavior of single-phase flow and conjugate heat transfer in micro-channel heat sinks (MCHS) subjected to a uniform heat flux is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Various geometrical configurations are examined, particularly, the combinations of rectangular solid and perforated blocks, used to create a disturbance in the flow. The analysis focuses on several key aspects and related metrics, including the temperature distribution, the mean Fanning friction factor, the pressure drop, the Nusselt number, and the overall heat transfer coefficient across a range of Reynolds numbers (80–870). It is shown that the introduction of such More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Key Steps and Catalyst Performance for Conversion of Cellulose to Isosorbide: A Review

    Dan Wang, Jihuan Song, Qiyuan Wang, Chenmeng Cui, Ying Yang*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 49-78, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056644 - 20 January 2025

    Abstract Upgrading of abundant cellulosic biomass to isosorbide can reduce the dependence on limited fossil resources and provide a sustainable way to produce isosorbide, utilized for polymers, medicine and health care product synthesis. This review comprehensively examines the key steps and catalytic systems involved in the conversion of cellulose to isosorbide. Initially, the reaction pathway from cellulose to isosorbide is elucidated, emphasizing three critical steps: cellulose hydrolysis, glucose hydrogenation, and the two-step dehydration of sorbitol to produce isosorbide. Additionally, the activation energy and acidic sites during cellulose hydrolysis, the impact of metal particle size and catalyst More > Graphic Abstract

    Key Steps and Catalyst Performance for Conversion of Cellulose to Isosorbide: A Review

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Evaluation on Physical Characteristics of Konjac Polysaccharides-Based Film Coating and Its Application for Strawberries Preservation

    Desy Nurliasari1, Awaly Ilham Dewantoro1, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis2,3, Roni Kastaman1,4,*, Mohamad Djali3,5, Efri Mardawati1,3, Devi Maulida Rahmah1,3, Siti Nurhasanah3,5, Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah2,3, Lukmanul Hakim Zaini6,7,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 181-197, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056475 - 20 January 2025

    Abstract Konjac is an ideal candidate for edible coatings on fruits due to its hydrophilic properties, film-forming ability, barrier properties, safety, and biodegradability. Meanwhile, the high market demand for strawberries necessitates post-harvest treatment to extend their shelf life and preserve their quality, as strawberries are known for their fragile skin and soft texture. To fully utilize konjac and develop high-quality coating films, native konjac flour (NKF) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) were extracted from its corm and used as a coating film for strawberries in the present study. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the physical properties… More > Graphic Abstract

    An Evaluation on Physical Characteristics of Konjac Polysaccharides-Based Film Coating and Its Application for Strawberries Preservation

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Experimental and Numerical Study of Bonding Capacity of Interface between Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Steel Tube

    Ruikun Xu1, Jiu Li1, Wenjie Li1, Wei Zhang2,*

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 285-305, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.057513 - 15 January 2025

    Abstract This study investigates the bond performance at the interfacial region shared by Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) and steel tubes through push-out tests. This study examines how changes in steel fiber volumetric ratio and thickness of steel tube influence the bond strength characteristics. The results show that as the enhancement of the steel tube wall thickness, the ultimate bond strength at the interface improves significantly, whereas the initial bond strength exhibits only slight variations. The influence of steel fiber volumetric ratio presents a nonlinear trend, with initial bond strength decreasing at low fiber content and increasing More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Performance Evaluation of Damaged T-Beam Bridges with External Prestressing Reinforcement Based on Natural Frequencies

    Menghui Hao1, Shanshan Zhou1, Yongchao Han1, Zhanwei Zhu1, Qiang Yang2, Panxu Sun2,*, Jiajun Fan2

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 399-415, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.056250 - 15 January 2025

    Abstract As an evaluation index, the natural frequency has the advantages of easy acquisition and quantitative evaluation. In this paper, the natural frequency is used to evaluate the performance of external cable reinforced bridges. Numerical examples show that compared with the natural frequencies of first-order modes, the natural frequencies of higher-order modes are more sensitive and can reflect the damage situation and external cable reinforcement effect of T-beam bridges. For damaged bridges, as the damage to the T-beam increases, the natural frequency value of the bridge gradually decreases. When the degree of local damage to the… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Kinked Rebar and Engineering Structures Applying Kinked Materials: State-of-the-Art Review

    Chengquan Wang1,2, Lei Xu3, Xinquan Wang1, Yun Zou3,*, Kangyu Wang4, Boyan Ping5, Xiao Li1

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 233-263, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.055096 - 15 January 2025

    Abstract Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material, which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams. It effectively enhances the blast resilience, seismic collapse resistance, and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures without imposing substantial cost burdens, thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors. On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars, this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains: the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars, beam column nodes with kinked rebars, and concrete… More >

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