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ARTICLE

Improved electrochemical performance of nanostructured CO₃O₄/CO₃S₄ composite for supercapacitor applications

J. Ahmad^a, Naeem-Ur-Rehman^a,*, M. Shakil^a, M. Saleem^a, K. Mahmood^b, A. Ali^b, M. Imran^c, S. Sharif^d, Hosam O. Elansary^e, S. Mumtaz^f, A. D. Khalid^g

a Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
b Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
c Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, P.R. China
d Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Govt. College University, Lahore, Pakistan
e Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
f Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
g University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

* Corresponding Author:

Chalcogenide Letters 2025, 22(4), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.15251/CL.2025.224.277

Received 04 December 2024; Accepted 01 April 2025;

Abstract

This study highlights the superior electrochemical performance of Co₃O₄/Co₃S₄ composite nanoparticles for supercapacitors, compared to individual Co₃O₄ and Co₃S₄, synthesized using sol-gel, co-precipitation, and mechanical alloying methods. The composite combines pseudocapacitance and electric double-layer capacitance, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry. It exhibits a specific capacitance of 722.9 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an energy density of 73.8 Wh/kg at 405 W/kg. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals low charge transfer resistance and excellent cycling stability is achieved, with 98.5% capacitance retention after 1500 cycles. These results confirm the composite's potential for high-performance energy storage applications.

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