Open Access

Emerging MoS₂-Based Composite Approaches for the Detection of SF₆ Decomposition Gases: A Review

Huo Ye¹, Jiantong Li², Lingna Xu^3,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.087654 - 18 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Research and Application of Chalcogenide Semiconductor Materials in Gas Sensors)
Abstract SF₆ is the primary insulating and arc extinction medium in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) decomposes to create diagnostic markers, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), thionyl fluoride (SOF₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) when electrical problems occur, such as partial discharge and local overheating. Accurate quantification of these fault-marker gases is important for the early identification of insulation defects and the condition assessment of SF₆-insulated equipment. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a well-known and atomically thin van der Waals semiconductor that has attracted considerable attention as a platform for gas-sensing applications. This is due to its large accessible surface area,… More >

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2D Chalcogenide Nanomaterial for Energy Storage Devices: Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Approach

Holy Oghenewona Ovwiurhobo¹, Marius O. Eji², Adil Alshoaibi³, Ndanduleni Lethole⁴, Chawki Awada³, Shumaila Islam³, Nisrin Alnaim³, Fabian I. Ezema^1,4,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.086712 - 18 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Sulfur-based Two-dimensional Materials)
Abstract Several studies have reported a growing interest in nanomaterials beyond conventional graphite, driven by the rapid global demand for sustainable, high-performance energy storage. Among these materials, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), molybdenum- and tin-based systems such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and tin (IV) disulfide (SnS₂) in particular, have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). This is owing to their unique X-M-X sandwich architectures, tunable electronic properties, and versatile intercalation chemistry. Despite several studies on 2D TMCs and their applications in EESDs, a gap still exists, as there is no comprehensive… More >

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Research on Selenide Anode Materials for Alkali Metal Ion Batteries Based on First Principles

Minghui Tan^1,2, Fei Wang^2,*, Shan Yuan^1,2, Xinli Li¹, Jingxia Gao², Jinping Zhang^2,*, Yong Zhang², Lei Shi³

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.088891 - 18 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Horizons in Structural Design and Experimental Synthesis of Chalcogenide-based Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion)
Abstract Li/Na/K-ion batteries show huge potential in next-generation energy storage systems, but the limited theoretical capacity of commercial graphite anodes and the relatively large radius of Na/K ions seriously restrict further development, making it urgent to develop new high-performance anode materials. This article begins with the research hotspots of selenide anode materials and systematically reviews the applications of DFT calculations in the field of Li/Na/K-ion battery selenide anodes, covering transition metal dichalcogenides (MoSe₂, TiSe₂), Janus structures (VSeTe, WSSe), transition metal carboselenides (Zr₂Se₂C, Sc₂Se₂C), multi-anion bridged phosphoselenides (MoScP₂Se₆), main-group element layered selenides (Si₂Se₂, SiSe₂, β-GeSe, γ-GeSe, β-CSe, GeSeNS, SnS_2(1−x)Se_2x), as well… More >

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Structural Relaxation and Thermal Robustness of Electron-Beam Evaporated As₂Se₃ Films for Far-Infrared Heterogeneous Metalenses

Weihang Qiu¹, Bo Zhang², Zhaofeng Gu^2,*, Zijun Liu², Xiang Shen², Yimin Chen^1,2,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.089518 - 18 September 2026
Abstract This study presents electron-beam evaporated As₂Se₃ films tailored for far-infrared heterogeneous metalenses. Characterization via X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveals a structurally relaxed network in the films compared to bulk glass, resulting in enhanced infrared transmittance, a reduced refractive index, and a lower glass transition temperature. However, thermal expansion mismatch is found to induce cracking in thick films subjected to thermal cycling. The As₂Se₃/BaF₂ system demonstrates superior adhesion, attributed to a minimal thermal expansion mismatch (Δα < 2.5 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹). Notably, an 8 μm thick film endures over thirty rapid heating and liquid nitrogen quenching cycles without More >

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Modeling and optimization of a CZT(S,Se)-based tandem solar cell

B. Yassine, B. Tahar^*, G. Fathi, B. Meriem, B. Ibtissem

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.7, pp. 637-648, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.227.637
Abstract In this paper, we designed a two-junction (tandem) solar cell model (tandem solar cell), consisting of an top and bottom subcell with absorber layers of Cu₂SnZnS₄ (CZTS) and Cu₂SnZnSe₄ (CZTSe) materials, respectively, for each subcell with a ZnS buffer layer and a ZnO window layer. This model was validated using the SCAPS-1D numerical simulation program. We also optimized the performance of the tandem cell as a whole using the simulation by studying the effect of the thickness of the absorber layer of the top subcell and the thickness of the absorber layer of the bottom subcell More >

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Influence of heat treatment on microwave dielectric properties of erbium doped borotellurite glass ceramics

S. Othman^a, Y. H. Lua^b, E. S. Sazali^a,, Y. S. Yap^b,, R. Hisam^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.5, pp. 451-459, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.225.451
Abstract High-performance glass-ceramics are increasingly explored for their suitability in high-frequency dielectric applications, presenting a significant challenge in materials science. A primary focus has been allocated to investigating borotellurite glasses operating at frequencies below 15 MHz. Borotellurite glasses with the composition 69TeO_₂-10B_₂O₃-10PbO-10ZnO-1Er_₂O₃ were fabricated via the melt-quenching method. This study examines the effects of heat treatment durations (1–24 hours) on these glasses. Variations in density, molar volume, structure, and dielectric properties were attributed to changes in non-bridging oxygen bonding resulting from the heat treatments. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-quenched glass. Morphological changes More >

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1503

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523

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Advanced chalcogenide Ga_₂S₃ coatings for reducing reflective loss and boosting efficiency in silicon photovoltaics

R. M. Reddy^a, J. A. Prakash^b, A. Tonk^c, S. Karvendhan^d, G. Sivaraman^e, D. K. Patel^f, S. P. Dillibabu^g, S. Karthikeyan^h,*, T. Thirugnanasambandhamⁱ

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 797-806, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.797
Abstract The current situation necessitates advancements in renewable energy as an alternative for conventional energy sources. Reflection loss in solar cells is a contributing factor to diminish the power conversion efficiency, which can be reduced by employing antireflective coatings. The current investigation focuses on improvement in photocurrent generation of monocrystalline silicon solar cells by employing Gallium sulfide (Ga_₂S₃) as anti-reflective coatings (ARC). The RF sputter coating method has been used for Ga_₂S₃ deposition at different coating durations (10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes). The transmittance, reflectance, I-V characteristics, electrical properties, and thermal behaviour of the Ga2S3 coatings… More >

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473

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Spin-Coated Kesterite Based CZTS (Cu₂ZnSnS₄) Thin Films: Structural, Optical, and Compositional Analysis for Photovoltaic Applications

Md. Rakib Hasan¹, Afrina Sharmin², Mimi Mondal^1,3, Md. Ahasan Habib¹, Rinku Majumder¹, Muhammad Shahriar Bashar^2,*, Md. Salahuddin Mina^1,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079270
Abstract In this work, spin-coated Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films with systematically varied thicknesses were investigated to understand their influence on structural, compositional, and optical properties relevant to high-performance photovoltaic applications. CZTS absorber layers were fabricated using a sol-gel spin-coating technique, which offers simplicity, low cost, and excellent thickness control, followed by annealing at 450°C under a nitrogen atmosphere to promote crystallization and phase formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that films with a thickness of approximately 608 nm exhibited the highest crystallinity and a preferred orientation along the (112) plane, indicating enhanced structural order and improved grain… More >

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The GGA-mBJ analysis of Ni modified SrS alloys for magnetic ordering and energy harvesting applications

I. Sajjad^a, U. Parveen¹, H. Al-Ghamdi^b,*, M. Yaseen^a, S. Saleem^a, Nasarullah^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 829-845, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.829
Abstract Herein, we employed modified Becke-Johson (mBJ) potential based first principles method to investigate the structural, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties of pure SrS and Ni doped Sr_1-xNi_xS alloys at varying doping concentrations. Formation enthalpy analysis predicts thermodynamical stability of resultant alloys. Geometry optimization was performed in order to optimize the super cells to obtain ground state energy state. After confirming their stability, we investigated their magnetic, electronic, and optical attributes. Pure SrS exhibits an indirect band gap of 3.53 eV (which is in good agreement with experiments), while nickel doping in SrS results in lowering the bandgap… More >

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Study of CdSe thin films using the spectroscopic ellipsometry method

L. N. Ibrahimova^a,b, Kh. N. Ahmadova^c,d,e, M. E. Aliyev^b, Y. I. Aliyev^f,g,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.12, pp. 1035-1039, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.2112.1035
Abstract In this research, we investigated the optical properties of CdSe thin films on glass substrates using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The samples were analysed using an M-2000 rotation compensator spectroscopic ellipsometer at room temperature, covering a photon energy range of 1.5-7.0 eV. We used an appropriate dispersion model to obtain the spectral dispersion of the optical constants. We calculated the thickness, dielectric permittivity (real and imaginary parts), refraction, and extinction coefficients of the thin layers. The results showed high transparency that varied with the size of the CdSe thin films. Additionally, we determined the bandgap width for More >

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1093

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Cohesive energy model for the optical properties in nanostructured materials of zinc sulfide and cadmium selenide

A. Mustafa^*, S. Turki Al-Rashid

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 407-411, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.215.407
Abstract Applying the cohesive energy model, this research theoretically studies how the size of nanoparticles affects their optical characteristics. The findings demonstrate that optical characteristics are size-dependent for nanoparticles, with an exponentially growing energy gap for nanoparticles on a scale of less than 4 nm. As the size of nanoparticles is reduced, the absorption wavelength also decreases. Compounds undergo a transition to a higher energy spectral area (blue shift) when their wavelength decreases; this change can make these compounds effective in certain optical nanodevices. More >

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Influence of neodymium doping on radiation shielding properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass system

M. R. S. Nasuha^a,*, H. Azhan^b,c, L. Hasnimulyati^c, W. A. W. Razali^c, Y. Norihan^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 23-31, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.23
Abstract The need for effective shielding materials has grown as radiation-based technologies have been more widely used. Glasses doped with rare earth elements like neodymium oxide, are promising candidates due to their enhanced radiation attenuation properties. Using Phy-X software, this research examines how neodymium oxide doping affects the shielding properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous structure, while density measurements showed increased density with neodymium oxide addition. The Phy-X software calculated radiation shielding parameters for gamma energies from 10^⁻³ to 10^⁵ MeV. The results demonstrate that neodymium oxide improves gamma irradiation attenuation and More >

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780

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Raman and x-ray diffraction data analysis of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ films using gaussian approximation considering the temperature population factor

S. N. Garibova^a,b,*, А. I. Isayev^a, S. A. Rzayeva^a, F. N. Mammadov^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 1-9, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.1
Abstract The structure particulars of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thermally evaporated on glass substrates, as well as films annealed at temperatures of 500 and 700 K have been studied by the considering of experimentally established facts obtained from X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The Debye-Scherrer and Williams-Hall methods were applied to the X-ray diffraction data for estimate the size of crystallites, interatomic distances, dislocation density and structure distortion degree. The features of heat treatment effect on numerical values of the above quantities at a given temperatures have been established. The analysis of the spectral distribution of Raman… More >

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ZnO/ZnS sensor with broadband visible response for flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates combined with artificial intelligence analysis

X. Y. Chen^a,b, Y. H. Cai^a, Y. S. Chen^c, S. J. Huang^b, M. H. Li^d, Y. H. Li^e, C. H. Lin^c, H. Chen^a,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 777-785, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.777
Abstract This study focuses on the development of zinc oxide (ZnO)/zinc sulfide (ZnS) core-shell structures on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates for enhanced light sensing. PET offers high elasticity, optical transparency, and chemical resistance, making it ideal for wearable optoelectronics. By optimizing the vulcanization process, a uniform ZnS shell is formed on the exposed regions of ZnO nanorods (NRs), significantly enhancing ZnO-based sensor’s sensitivity to visible light, especially red light (peak wavelength at 630 nm). Structural and spectral analyses confirm the successful formation of the ZnO/ZnS heterostructure, improved charge separation, and broadened light response. To improve More >

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