Open Access

ARTICLE

Mammadov Israil Musa^*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.075947 - 09 May 2026
Abstract Erbium-doped SnTe (Sn_1−xEr_xTe) single crystals were synthesized to investigate the influence of erbium incorporation on phase stability, crystal structure, and thermophysical behavior relevant to thermoelectric applications. Single crystals with nominal compositions x = 0.00–0.10 were grown using the vertical Bridgman technique under controlled thermal conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that at low erbium concentrations (x ≤ 0.02–0.03), erbium is substitutionally incorporated into the cubic NaCl-type SnTe lattice without detectable secondary phases. At higher erbium contents (x ≥ 0.05), Er-rich secondary phases such as ErTe and Er₂Te₃ precipitate within the SnTe matrix, indicating a limited solubility of… More >

View

368

Download

116

Open Access

ARTICLE

Bushra A. Hasan¹, Ameer J. Fadhl², Ahmad A. Hasan¹, Yasser A. Jebbar^3,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079634 - 09 May 2026
Abstract Copper zinc tin sulfide selenide, Cu₂ZnSn(S_1−xSe_x)₄, absorbers are promising earth-abundant and environmentally benign materials for low-cost photovoltaic applications. This study investigates the structural and optical properties of Cu₂ZnSn(S_1−xSe_x)₄ nanostructured thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition using melt-quenched targets with selenium compositions x = 0.0–1.0. X-ray diffraction revealed that films with low selenium content remained amorphous, whereas higher selenium incorporation promoted the formation of polycrystalline kesterite–stannite phases with preferred orientations along (112), (200), (220), and (312). The crystallite size increased from 12.3 to 17.9 nm as selenium reached x = 1.0, indicating enhanced crystal growth. Atomic force… More >

View

482

Download

146

Open Access

ARTICLE

A. A. Orujova¹, T. F. Yusibova¹, R. Sh. Agayeva¹, G. A. Ismayilbeyli¹, N. I. Guliyev^2,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.077900 - 09 May 2026
Abstract Warburg impedance models the process of diffusion of mobile ions from the electrode to the diffusion layer under a sinusoidal voltage applied at one polarity of an electrochemical cell, and the diffusion of mobile ions to the electrode at the other polarity. As a result, the process does not go beyond the diffusion layer. In this case, the diffusion of Tl⁺¹ ions in the T l I n S 2 crystal (as well as in solid solutions) after 25 Mrad irradiation is considered to be responsible for the formation of the Warburg diffusion impedance. More >

View

298

Download

101

Open Access

Shan Yuan^1,2, Fei Wang^2,*, Jinping Zhang^2,*, Yuxin Jiang², Kaibo Gu², Chenhao Qiao², Yutong Bai², Jie Yu², Quan Chen¹, Dedi Han³

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.082805 - 09 May 2026
Abstract Sodium metal batteries stand as a highly promising electrochemical energy storage system; however, their commercialization is severely impeded by challenges such as anode dendrite formation, the shuttle effect of highly reactive intermediates at the cathode, electrode volume expansion, and interfacial instability. Owing to their high electronic conductivity, high theoretical specific capacity, and superior sodiumphilic affinity, tellurium and its tellurides have emerged as pivotal functional materials for enhancing the performance of sodium metal batteries. This study reviews the advancements in their applications within sodium metal batteries, elaborates rational design strategies carbon-based composites, alloying, and heterostructure construction More >

View

200

Download

66

Open Access

ARTICLE

Mohsin Sayeed^1,*, O. P. Singh¹, Vishal Singh Chandel², Azam Raza³, Kamal Batcha Mohamed Ismail⁴, Mayur Khan⁵, Navshad Alam^6,7, Mohammad Shariq⁸

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079721 - 09 May 2026
Abstract An eco-friendly one-pot hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize molybdenum disulfide/graphene oxide (MoS₂/GO) nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the MoS₂ crystalline phase, with reduced peak intensities upon GO incorporation, indicating suppressed crystallite growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rod-like MoS₂ structures uniformly distributed across layered GO sheets, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Mo, S, C, and O elements. Raman and FTIR analyses verified strong interfacial interactions between MoS₂ and GO. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements revealed a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of ~31.7 m² g⁻¹ and… More >

View

164

Download

68

Open Access

ARTICLE

B. Yassine, B. Tahar^*, G. Fathi, B. Meriem, B. Ibtissem

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.7, pp. 637-648, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.227.637
Abstract In this paper, we designed a two-junction (tandem) solar cell model (tandem solar cell), consisting of an top and bottom subcell with absorber layers of Cu₂SnZnS₄ (CZTS) and Cu₂SnZnSe₄ (CZTSe) materials, respectively, for each subcell with a ZnS buffer layer and a ZnO window layer. This model was validated using the SCAPS-1D numerical simulation program. We also optimized the performance of the tandem cell as a whole using the simulation by studying the effect of the thickness of the absorber layer of the top subcell and the thickness of the absorber layer of the bottom subcell More >

View

1272

Download

304

Open Access

ARTICLE

A. Mustafa^*, S. Turki Al-Rashid

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 407-411, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.215.407
Abstract Applying the cohesive energy model, this research theoretically studies how the size of nanoparticles affects their optical characteristics. The findings demonstrate that optical characteristics are size-dependent for nanoparticles, with an exponentially growing energy gap for nanoparticles on a scale of less than 4 nm. As the size of nanoparticles is reduced, the absorption wavelength also decreases. Compounds undergo a transition to a higher energy spectral area (blue shift) when their wavelength decreases; this change can make these compounds effective in certain optical nanodevices. More >

View

899

Download

279

Open Access

ARTICLE

Md. Rakib Hasan¹, Afrina Sharmin², Mimi Mondal^1,3, Md. Ahasan Habib¹, Rinku Majumder¹, Muhammad Shahriar Bashar^2,*, Md. Salahuddin Mina^1,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079270
Abstract In this work, spin-coated Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films with systematically varied thicknesses were investigated to understand their influence on structural, compositional, and optical properties relevant to high-performance photovoltaic applications. CZTS absorber layers were fabricated using a sol-gel spin-coating technique, which offers simplicity, low cost, and excellent thickness control, followed by annealing at 450°C under a nitrogen atmosphere to promote crystallization and phase formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that films with a thickness of approximately 608 nm exhibited the highest crystallinity and a preferred orientation along the (112) plane, indicating enhanced structural order and improved grain… More >

View

829

Download

336

Open Access

ARTICLE

S. Othman^a, Y. H. Lua^b, E. S. Sazali^a,, Y. S. Yap^b,, R. Hisam^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.5, pp. 451-459, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.225.451
Abstract High-performance glass-ceramics are increasingly explored for their suitability in high-frequency dielectric applications, presenting a significant challenge in materials science. A primary focus has been allocated to investigating borotellurite glasses operating at frequencies below 15 MHz. Borotellurite glasses with the composition 69TeO_₂-10B_₂O₃-10PbO-10ZnO-1Er_₂O₃ were fabricated via the melt-quenching method. This study examines the effects of heat treatment durations (1–24 hours) on these glasses. Variations in density, molar volume, structure, and dielectric properties were attributed to changes in non-bridging oxygen bonding resulting from the heat treatments. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-quenched glass. Morphological changes More >

View

827

Download

301

Open Access

ARTICLE

R. M. Reddy^a, J. A. Prakash^b, A. Tonk^c, S. Karvendhan^d, G. Sivaraman^e, D. K. Patel^f, S. P. Dillibabu^g, S. Karthikeyan^h,*, T. Thirugnanasambandhamⁱ

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 797-806, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.797
Abstract The current situation necessitates advancements in renewable energy as an alternative for conventional energy sources. Reflection loss in solar cells is a contributing factor to diminish the power conversion efficiency, which can be reduced by employing antireflective coatings. The current investigation focuses on improvement in photocurrent generation of monocrystalline silicon solar cells by employing Gallium sulfide (Ga_₂S₃) as anti-reflective coatings (ARC). The RF sputter coating method has been used for Ga_₂S₃ deposition at different coating durations (10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes). The transmittance, reflectance, I-V characteristics, electrical properties, and thermal behaviour of the Ga2S3 coatings… More >

View

820

Download

264

Open Access

ARTICLE

I. Sajjad^a, U. Parveen¹, H. Al-Ghamdi^b,*, M. Yaseen^a, S. Saleem^a, Nasarullah^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 829-845, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.829
Abstract Herein, we employed modified Becke-Johson (mBJ) potential based first principles method to investigate the structural, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties of pure SrS and Ni doped Sr_1-xNi_xS alloys at varying doping concentrations. Formation enthalpy analysis predicts thermodynamical stability of resultant alloys. Geometry optimization was performed in order to optimize the super cells to obtain ground state energy state. After confirming their stability, we investigated their magnetic, electronic, and optical attributes. Pure SrS exhibits an indirect band gap of 3.53 eV (which is in good agreement with experiments), while nickel doping in SrS results in lowering the bandgap… More >

View

800

Download

256

Open Access

ARTICLE

S. N. Garibova^a,b,*, А. I. Isayev^a, S. A. Rzayeva^a, F. N. Mammadov^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 1-9, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.1
Abstract The structure particulars of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thermally evaporated on glass substrates, as well as films annealed at temperatures of 500 and 700 K have been studied by the considering of experimentally established facts obtained from X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The Debye-Scherrer and Williams-Hall methods were applied to the X-ray diffraction data for estimate the size of crystallites, interatomic distances, dislocation density and structure distortion degree. The features of heat treatment effect on numerical values of the above quantities at a given temperatures have been established. The analysis of the spectral distribution of Raman… More >

View

761

Download

430

Open Access

ARTICLE

M. R. S. Nasuha^a,*, H. Azhan^b,c, L. Hasnimulyati^c, W. A. W. Razali^c, Y. Norihan^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 23-31, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.23
Abstract The need for effective shielding materials has grown as radiation-based technologies have been more widely used. Glasses doped with rare earth elements like neodymium oxide, are promising candidates due to their enhanced radiation attenuation properties. Using Phy-X software, this research examines how neodymium oxide doping affects the shielding properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous structure, while density measurements showed increased density with neodymium oxide addition. The Phy-X software calculated radiation shielding parameters for gamma energies from 10^⁻³ to 10^⁵ MeV. The results demonstrate that neodymium oxide improves gamma irradiation attenuation and More >

View

757

Download

510

Open Access

ARTICLE

K. I. Hussain^a, A. Ashour^b, E. S. Yousef^c, E. R. Shaaban^b,d,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 65-80, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.211.65
Abstract The present work has examined the thermal features of glassy chacogenide materials Se0.75-xTe0.25Agx (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 at %). The thermal stability of these compositions has been assessed under non-isothermal conditions using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), which has been used to find the glass transition temperature (Tg), the initial crystallization temperature (Tin), the temperature corresponding to the top of the crystallization rate (Tp), and the melting temperature (Tm). In addition, the kinetic parameter Kr(T) was given as an additional sign of thermal stability. Among these compositions, it was discovered that Se0.71Te0.25Ag0.04… More >

View

732

Download

254

Open Access

ARTICLE

L. N. Ibrahimova^a,b, Kh. N. Ahmadova^c,d,e, M. E. Aliyev^b, Y. I. Aliyev^f,g,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.12, pp. 1035-1039, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.2112.1035
Abstract In this research, we investigated the optical properties of CdSe thin films on glass substrates using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The samples were analysed using an M-2000 rotation compensator spectroscopic ellipsometer at room temperature, covering a photon energy range of 1.5-7.0 eV. We used an appropriate dispersion model to obtain the spectral dispersion of the optical constants. We calculated the thickness, dielectric permittivity (real and imaginary parts), refraction, and extinction coefficients of the thin layers. The results showed high transparency that varied with the size of the CdSe thin films. Additionally, we determined the bandgap width for More >

View

720

Download

620