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Nourah A. Alsobai¹, Norah Alsairy², A. Ashour³, A. M. Ismail⁴, Khaled M. Abdelbased⁵, Atef Ismail^6,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.083101 - 02 July 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Chalcogenide Thin Films and Solar Cells for Optoelectronic Applications)
Abstract This study presents a comparative investigation of the structural, DC electrical, and magnetic properties of pure cadmium sulfide (CdS) and 10% chromium-doped CdS (Cd_0.9Cr_0.1S) nanocrystalline thin films deposited by thermal evaporation. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the polycrystalline hexagonal (wurtzite) structure of both films with no detectable secondary phases. Upon Cr doping, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the principal diffraction peaks increased systematically, leading to a reduction in average crystallite size from 19.8 nm to 13.9 nm, accompanied by an increase in lattice strain (from 2.48 to 3.52) × 10⁻³ and dislocation density (from… More >

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Hanaa I. Mohammed¹, Eman M. Nasir^2,*, Iqbal S. Naji²

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079657 - 02 July 2026
Abstract Thin films of Cu_xZn_1−xS nanocomposite with varying copper content (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) were successfully synthesized by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique from their fabricated powders by the precipitation method for optoelectronic applications. The impact of Cu content on the film’s structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics was investigated. Elemental composition analyses indicated that thin CZS films consisted only of their constituent elements and were free of any noted impurities. XRD patterns demonstrated that all as-grown thin films were polycrystalline in nature and adopted various planes and phases of CuS and ZnS binary… More >

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Aljawhara H. Almuqrin¹, Manjunatha², M. I. Sayyed^3,4,5,*, Ashok Kumar^6,7,*, A. S. Bennal⁸

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.083065 - 02 July 2026
Abstract The human exposure to hazardous ionizing radiation is increased due to the progression of nuclear technology across energy, medicine, and industrial sectors, etc. Developing transparent shielding materials is essential to overcome the structural and opacity limitations of traditional materials like concrete. The 30TeO₂-xPbO₂-xBi₂O₃-(70 − 2x)B₂O₃ (x = 10, 12, 14 and 16 mol%) glasses are prepared via the melt-quenching technique. The density (ρ) increases from 4.759 to 5.561 g cm⁻³ due to the incorporation of heavy metal oxides (HMOs). The molar volume (V_m) increases from 32.194 to 33.657 cm³ mol⁻¹. The oxygen packing density (OPD) decreased from 80.761… More >

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R. Amin^1,*, M. Rashad^2,*, A. A. Abu-Sehly³, Taymour A. Hamdalla², Ahmed S. Elshimy⁴

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.077357 - 02 July 2026
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) doping has enhanced the mineral properties, glass mesh, and movement traits of the Se₉₀Te₁₀ glassy alloy. The (Se₉₀Te₁₀)₉₅Cd₅ alloy has a strength 0.032 kN, accompanied by limited ductility, and displays brittle fracture behavior typical of amorphous chalcogenide glasses. (DSC) at varying heating rates was employed to examine the crystallization kinetics in bulk Se₉₀Te₁₀ and (Se₉₀Te₁₀)₉₅Cd₅ compositions; X-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to identify the crystalline structure of Se₉₀Te₁₀ and (Se₉₀Te₁₀)₉₅Cd₅, confirming the non-crystalline nature of both materials. Various kinetic frameworks were developed utilizing activation energies for glass transition and crystallization processes. “The Kissinger equation” was employed More >

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Dezi Li¹, Linhua Xie², Shunru Zhang^1,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.082939 - 02 July 2026
Abstract Using first principles calculations, we have systematically studied the structural, elastic, mechanical, lattice dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of the CuBS₂ semiconductor. The calculated structural parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. The obtained elastic constants confirm that the compound is mechanically stable. The B/G ratio of CuBS₂ indicating that this crystal possesses ductile characteristics. Using the ELATE software, 3D and 2D visualizations of anisotropic elastic properties, namely, the maximum and minimum values of Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G), linear compressibility (β), and Poisson’s ratio (ν), have been analyzed. Furthermore, we calculated the elastic anisotropy index (A^U, A_B,… More >

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Edgar G. Zamorano-Noriega¹, María E. Martínez-Barbosa^1,*, María L. Mota², Ana B. López-Oyama^3,4, Eugenio Rodríguez González⁵, Crescencio García-Guendulain⁶, Ramón Ochoa-Landín⁷, Fernando J. Sánchez-Rodríguez^8,*, Santos J. Castillo^3,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.085590 - 02 July 2026
Abstract The major challenge in developing efficient photovoltaic devices is achieving highlight absorption, optimal charge transport, and low recombination losses. In this work, the effect of the immersion bath numbers in the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique on the properties of bismuth oxysulfide (Bi₂O₂S) thin films, as emergent materials, was studied. The films were synthesized under eco-friendly conditions, using a low-concentration bismuth nitrate precursor and thioacetamide as the sulfur source, and under basic conditions at moderate temperature, with a reaction time of 3 h. X-ray diffraction demonstrated the formation of a crystalline Bi₂O₂S phase, and the morphological… More >

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B. Yassine, B. Tahar^*, G. Fathi, B. Meriem, B. Ibtissem

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.7, pp. 637-648, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.227.637
Abstract In this paper, we designed a two-junction (tandem) solar cell model (tandem solar cell), consisting of an top and bottom subcell with absorber layers of Cu₂SnZnS₄ (CZTS) and Cu₂SnZnSe₄ (CZTSe) materials, respectively, for each subcell with a ZnS buffer layer and a ZnO window layer. This model was validated using the SCAPS-1D numerical simulation program. We also optimized the performance of the tandem cell as a whole using the simulation by studying the effect of the thickness of the absorber layer of the top subcell and the thickness of the absorber layer of the bottom subcell More >

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398

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S. Othman^a, Y. H. Lua^b, E. S. Sazali^a,, Y. S. Yap^b,, R. Hisam^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.5, pp. 451-459, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.225.451
Abstract High-performance glass-ceramics are increasingly explored for their suitability in high-frequency dielectric applications, presenting a significant challenge in materials science. A primary focus has been allocated to investigating borotellurite glasses operating at frequencies below 15 MHz. Borotellurite glasses with the composition 69TeO_₂-10B_₂O₃-10PbO-10ZnO-1Er_₂O₃ were fabricated via the melt-quenching method. This study examines the effects of heat treatment durations (1–24 hours) on these glasses. Variations in density, molar volume, structure, and dielectric properties were attributed to changes in non-bridging oxygen bonding resulting from the heat treatments. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-quenched glass. Morphological changes More >

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399

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R. M. Reddy^a, J. A. Prakash^b, A. Tonk^c, S. Karvendhan^d, G. Sivaraman^e, D. K. Patel^f, S. P. Dillibabu^g, S. Karthikeyan^h,*, T. Thirugnanasambandhamⁱ

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 797-806, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.797
Abstract The current situation necessitates advancements in renewable energy as an alternative for conventional energy sources. Reflection loss in solar cells is a contributing factor to diminish the power conversion efficiency, which can be reduced by employing antireflective coatings. The current investigation focuses on improvement in photocurrent generation of monocrystalline silicon solar cells by employing Gallium sulfide (Ga_₂S₃) as anti-reflective coatings (ARC). The RF sputter coating method has been used for Ga_₂S₃ deposition at different coating durations (10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes). The transmittance, reflectance, I-V characteristics, electrical properties, and thermal behaviour of the Ga2S3 coatings… More >

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366

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Md. Rakib Hasan¹, Afrina Sharmin², Mimi Mondal^1,3, Md. Ahasan Habib¹, Rinku Majumder¹, Muhammad Shahriar Bashar^2,*, Md. Salahuddin Mina^1,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079270
Abstract In this work, spin-coated Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films with systematically varied thicknesses were investigated to understand their influence on structural, compositional, and optical properties relevant to high-performance photovoltaic applications. CZTS absorber layers were fabricated using a sol-gel spin-coating technique, which offers simplicity, low cost, and excellent thickness control, followed by annealing at 450°C under a nitrogen atmosphere to promote crystallization and phase formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that films with a thickness of approximately 608 nm exhibited the highest crystallinity and a preferred orientation along the (112) plane, indicating enhanced structural order and improved grain… More >

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520

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I. Sajjad^a, U. Parveen¹, H. Al-Ghamdi^b,*, M. Yaseen^a, S. Saleem^a, Nasarullah^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 829-845, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.829
Abstract Herein, we employed modified Becke-Johson (mBJ) potential based first principles method to investigate the structural, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties of pure SrS and Ni doped Sr_1-xNi_xS alloys at varying doping concentrations. Formation enthalpy analysis predicts thermodynamical stability of resultant alloys. Geometry optimization was performed in order to optimize the super cells to obtain ground state energy state. After confirming their stability, we investigated their magnetic, electronic, and optical attributes. Pure SrS exhibits an indirect band gap of 3.53 eV (which is in good agreement with experiments), while nickel doping in SrS results in lowering the bandgap… More >

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339

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L. N. Ibrahimova^a,b, Kh. N. Ahmadova^c,d,e, M. E. Aliyev^b, Y. I. Aliyev^f,g,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.12, pp. 1035-1039, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.2112.1035
Abstract In this research, we investigated the optical properties of CdSe thin films on glass substrates using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The samples were analysed using an M-2000 rotation compensator spectroscopic ellipsometer at room temperature, covering a photon energy range of 1.5-7.0 eV. We used an appropriate dispersion model to obtain the spectral dispersion of the optical constants. We calculated the thickness, dielectric permittivity (real and imaginary parts), refraction, and extinction coefficients of the thin layers. The results showed high transparency that varied with the size of the CdSe thin films. Additionally, we determined the bandgap width for More >

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908

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A. Mustafa^*, S. Turki Al-Rashid

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 407-411, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.215.407
Abstract Applying the cohesive energy model, this research theoretically studies how the size of nanoparticles affects their optical characteristics. The findings demonstrate that optical characteristics are size-dependent for nanoparticles, with an exponentially growing energy gap for nanoparticles on a scale of less than 4 nm. As the size of nanoparticles is reduced, the absorption wavelength also decreases. Compounds undergo a transition to a higher energy spectral area (blue shift) when their wavelength decreases; this change can make these compounds effective in certain optical nanodevices. More >

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355

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M. R. S. Nasuha^a,*, H. Azhan^b,c, L. Hasnimulyati^c, W. A. W. Razali^c, Y. Norihan^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 23-31, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.23
Abstract The need for effective shielding materials has grown as radiation-based technologies have been more widely used. Glasses doped with rare earth elements like neodymium oxide, are promising candidates due to their enhanced radiation attenuation properties. Using Phy-X software, this research examines how neodymium oxide doping affects the shielding properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous structure, while density measurements showed increased density with neodymium oxide addition. The Phy-X software calculated radiation shielding parameters for gamma energies from 10^⁻³ to 10^⁵ MeV. The results demonstrate that neodymium oxide improves gamma irradiation attenuation and More >

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659

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S. N. Garibova^a,b,*, А. I. Isayev^a, S. A. Rzayeva^a, F. N. Mammadov^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 1-9, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.1
Abstract The structure particulars of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thermally evaporated on glass substrates, as well as films annealed at temperatures of 500 and 700 K have been studied by the considering of experimentally established facts obtained from X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The Debye-Scherrer and Williams-Hall methods were applied to the X-ray diffraction data for estimate the size of crystallites, interatomic distances, dislocation density and structure distortion degree. The features of heat treatment effect on numerical values of the above quantities at a given temperatures have been established. The analysis of the spectral distribution of Raman… More >

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570

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X. Y. Chen^a,b, Y. H. Cai^a, Y. S. Chen^c, S. J. Huang^b, M. H. Li^d, Y. H. Li^e, C. H. Lin^c, H. Chen^a,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 777-785, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.777
Abstract This study focuses on the development of zinc oxide (ZnO)/zinc sulfide (ZnS) core-shell structures on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates for enhanced light sensing. PET offers high elasticity, optical transparency, and chemical resistance, making it ideal for wearable optoelectronics. By optimizing the vulcanization process, a uniform ZnS shell is formed on the exposed regions of ZnO nanorods (NRs), significantly enhancing ZnO-based sensor’s sensitivity to visible light, especially red light (peak wavelength at 630 nm). Structural and spectral analyses confirm the successful formation of the ZnO/ZnS heterostructure, improved charge separation, and broadened light response. To improve More >

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