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A. Ledesma-Juárez^a, J. F. Quintero-Guerrero^b, A. M. Fernández^a,*
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 97-108, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.97
Abstract The evaporation technique fabricates solar cells using the Cu(In, Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) absorber. This technique has strong limitations in preparing this absorber in a large area, necessitating the electrodeposition technique. However, the morphology and crystallinity of this absorber need to be sufficiently adequate to guarantee proper collection of charge carriers since a cauliflower-type growth is favored. This underscores the need for modifications during the synthesis, thermal treatments, and post-synthesis to improve the morphology and crystallinity, a complex and significant aspect of our research. This work discusses the structural, atomic composition, morphological, and optical results obtained for samples More >

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L. Gahramanli^a,b,c,*, M. Muradov^a, G. Eyvazova^a, A. Karimova^a, M. Jafarov^b
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 109-121, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.109
Abstract The study presents nanocomposite materials based on Cd_xZn_1-xS, synthesized as thin films and nanoparticles through two distinct techniques—sonochemical and SILAR synthesis techniques. The characteristics of these materials were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In the sonochemical approach, samples were prepared with three different stabilizers for comparative analysis to determine influence of type of the stabilizers. Meanwhile, the SILAR approach created thin layers with different components (distinctive x value-Cd_xZn_1-xS) at various grown temperatures utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a substrate. At the same time, nanocomposite More >

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F. A. Giyasova^a, M. A. Yuldoshev^b,d,*
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 123-129, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.123
Abstract The paper briefly describes the methodology for studying the temporal characteristics of near-IR photodiode structures under the influence of pulsed radiation from a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1100 and 1320 nm. The results of studying the response time of multilayer photosensitive Au-nCdS-nSi-pCdTe-Au and Au-nInP-nCdSνGaAs:O-Au structures with potential barriers are presented. It has been experimentally shown that the structures under study are not inferior in response time to known analogs based on gallium arsenide and silicon heterostructures, and can also be used in a wide optical range. More >

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A. M. Abdel-Daiem^a, M. Ahmed^a,, E. R. Shaaban^b,
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 131-142, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.131
Abstract This paper investigates the impact of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) addition on the structural and optical properties of ZnS nanocomposites. The study began with the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) through the oxidation of natural graphite powder. This process involved using potassium permanganate in a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acids, maintained at 50°C for 48 hours. The reaction was terminated using hydrogen peroxide, followed by purification and drying, yielding 1.5 grams of GO. The preparation of ZnS/GO nanocomposites involved dissolving zinc acetate and varying quantities of GO in water, adjusting the pH, and incorporating… More >

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A. G. Kumar^a,*, V. K. V. Krishna^b, A. P. Lingaswamy^c, S. Masma^d, G. Prathibha^e, G. Sujatha^f, P. S. Kumar^g, T. V. Kumar^h, J. V. V. N. K. Raoⁱ, B. H. Rao^a
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 143-149, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.143
Abstract SnS thin films doped with two atomic % Ag are deposited on a pyrex glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method. The impact of 2 atomic % silver doping on the physical properties of SnS thin films is studied. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the deposited SnS films were of α-SnS phase with an orthorhombic crystal structure, which remained stable despite the addition of 2 at.% silver. It is observed that the addition of 2 atomic % silver to SnS chemical bath solution does not greatly influence the structural properties of SnS thin film. The More >

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F. Saker^a,*, L. Remache^a, D. Belfennache^b, K. R. Chebouki^a, R. Yekhlef^b
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 151-166, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.151
Abstract In this work the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to synthesize Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films on glass, silicon (Si), and porous silicon (PSi) substrates. The PSi substrates were prepared by an electrochemical etching method using different current densities at constant etching time of 5 minutes. The CdS thin films were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical transmittance spectroscopy in the Uv visible range, and electrical characterization (I–V characteristics). The obtained results demonstrated that the morphology of the deposited materials was influenced by the… More >

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K. Kannan^a,*, B. Manjunatha^b, T. Marimuthu^c, P. Sangeetha^d
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 167-175, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.167
Abstract Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films are extensively utilized as a window layer in photovoltaic (PV) devices due to their high transmittance, suitable bandgap, and favorable electrical properties. This work presents a comprehensive performance analysis of CdS based thin films in PV applications, examining key factors such as optical, electrical, and structural properties. The bandgap (approximately 2.42 eV) allows effective photon transmission, reducing energy losses. Critical performance metrics, including film thickness, grain size, crystallinity, and interface quality with the absorber layer, are optimized to enhance charge separation and minimize recombination losses. The study highlights the balance More >

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D. Haouanoh^a, M. Toubane^a,*, R. Talaighil^a, F. Bensouici^b
Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 177-188, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.177
Abstract CZTS thin layers were successfully deposited onto both glass and indium-tin oxide substrates using the chemical bath deposition method. The effects of solution pH, deposition time, and annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties were investigated. Thermal analysis (DSC/TGA) shows that the CZTS kesterite structure crystallized at 237.2°C. Structural analysis by X- ray Diffraction, Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy, revealed that the kesterite phases formation with the presence of SnO₂cassiterite and ZnO wurtzite structures in the films annealed at a higher temperature with nanocrystalline size. SEM images showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces, with the More >

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