Open Access

ARTICLE

Effect of Absorption of Patch Antenna Signals on Increasing the Head Temperature

Mohamed Abbas^1,3,*, Ali Algahtani^2,6, Amir Kessentini^2,4,7, Hassen Loukil^1,5, Muneer Parayangat¹, Thafasal Ijyas¹, Abdul Wase Mohammed¹
1 Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Computers and Communications, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt
4 Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
5 Electronics and Information Technology Laboratory, University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
6 Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
7 Nabeul’s Foundation Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Carthage, IPEIN, Nabeul, 8000, Tunisia
* Corresponding Author: Mohamed Abbas. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: Data Science and Modeling in Biology, Health, and Medicine)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020, 124(2), 683-701. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2020.010304

Received 25 February 2020; Accepted 01 April 2020; Issue published 20 July 2020

Abstract

Every new generation of antennas is characterized by increased accuracy and faster transmission speeds. However, patch antennas have been known to damage human health. This type of antenna sends out electromagnetic waves that increase the temperature of the human head and prevent nerve strands from functioning properly. This paper examines the effect of the communication between the patch antenna and the brain on the head’s temperature by developing a hypothetical multi-input model that achieves more accurate results. These inputs are an individual’s blood and tissue, and the emission power of the antenna. These forces depend on the permeability and conductivity characteristics of the metal from which the antenna is fabricated. The proposed model is the first one that links the material the antenna is manufactured from and the head’s temperature. The results show that there are only a small number of materials that should be used as antenna covers. These materials are in the form of thin films. By using these thin films at different temperatures, the risk to the head can be reduced. This paper finds that the best results were obtained when the patch antenna was made of one of the following materials operating at a specific temperature: traditional materials at 305°K; casting cast steel at around 295°K; bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) at 290°K; or barium sodium niobate at 310°K.

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Keywords

Brain; patch antenna; head overheating; waves behavior; materials properties

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