Open Access

ARTICLE

Multivariate Lithium-ion Battery State Prediction with Channel-Independent Informer and Particle Filter for Battery Digital Twin

Changyu Jeon, Younghoon Kim^*

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Author: Younghoon Kim. Email:

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025, 145(3), 3723-3745. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.073030

Received 09 September 2025; Accepted 13 November 2025; Issue published 23 December 2025

Abstract

Accurate State-of-Health (SOH) prediction is critical for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). However, conventional methods struggle with the highly nonlinear electrochemical dynamics and declining accuracy over long-horizon forecasting. To address these limitations, this study proposes CIPF-Informer, a novel digital twin framework that integrates the Informer architecture with Channel Independence (CI) and a Particle Filter (PF). The CI mechanism enhances robustness by decoupling multivariate state dependencies, while the PF captures the complex stochastic variations missed by purely deterministic models. The proposed framework was evaluated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) battery dataset against benchmark deep learning models. Results demonstrate that CIPF-Informer consistently achieves superior performance, in multivariate and long sequence forecasting scenarios. By effectively synergizing a model-based method with a data-driven model, CIPF-Informer provides a more reliable pathway for advancing Battery Management System (BMS) technologies, contributing to the development of safer and more sustainable energy storage systems.

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Keywords

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