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Musk secretion in muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus L.): association with lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related pathways

TIANXIANG ZHANG1,#, MEISHAN ZHANG1,#, MINGHUI SHI1,#, WEIJIANG JIN1,#, SHUMIAO ZHANG2,#, MENGYUAN FAN3, YIMENG LI1, YUPING MENG2, XUELIN TIAN4, SHUQIANG LIU1,*, DEFU HU1,*

1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
2 Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, 100083, China
3 China Wildlife Conservation Association, Beijing, 100083, China
4 Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, 272000, China

* Address correspondence to: Shuqiang Liu, email; Defu Hu, email
# These authors contributed equally to this work

BIOCELL 2021, 45(2), 281-306. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.010277

Abstract

Male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus L.) secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season. Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze the main components of musk. The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55% of the musk is composed of fatty acids. The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol (9.31%) and other organics. Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways, which include fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation, and metabolism; steroid biosynthesis; steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes. Overall, our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production, and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season.

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APA Style
ZHANG, T., ZHANG, M., SHI, M., JIN, W., ZHANG, S. et al. (2021). Musk secretion in muskrats (ondatra zibethicus l.): association with lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related pathways. BIOCELL, 45(2), 281-306. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.010277
Vancouver Style
ZHANG T, ZHANG M, SHI M, JIN W, ZHANG S, FAN M, et al. Musk secretion in muskrats (ondatra zibethicus l.): association with lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related pathways. BIOCELL . 2021;45(2):281-306 https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.010277
IEEE Style
T. ZHANG et al., "Musk secretion in muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus L.): association with lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related pathways," BIOCELL , vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 281-306. 2021. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.010277

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cc Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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