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Open Access

ARTICLE

Performance Analysis of Bandwidth Aware Hybrid Powered 5G Cloud Radio Access Network

Md. Al-Hasan1, Mst. Rubina Aktar2, Fahmid Al Farid3,4,*, Md. Shamim Anower5, Abu Saleh Musa Miah1,6, Md. Hezerul Abdul Karim4,*
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh Army University of Science & Technology, Nilphamari, 5300, Bangladesh
2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh Army University of Science & Technology, Nilphamari, 5300, Bangladesh
3 Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics, Berlin School of Business and Innovation Karl-Marx-Straße 97-99, Berlin, 12043, Germany
4 Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, 63100, Selangor, Malaysia
5 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of South Australia (UniSA), Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
6 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6203, Bangladesh
* Corresponding Author: Fahmid Al Farid. Email: email; Md. Hezerul Abdul Karim. Email: email

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.071280

Received 04 August 2025; Accepted 11 October 2025; Published online 09 January 2026

Abstract

The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic, creating significant challenges for network energy consumption. Also, with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications, the data traffic has dramatically expanded, which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure (OPEX). However, the majority of current network designs struggle to efficiently manage a massive amount of data using little power, which degrades energy efficiency performance. Thereby, it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers. Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energy-powered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency (EE) by lowering grid usage, aiming to enhance the EE. This paper examines the energy efficiency, spectral efficiency (SE), and average on-grid energy consumption, dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups. To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth, a comprehensive simulation has been conducted. The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.

Keywords

5G; bandwidth; renewable energy; energy efficiency; spectral efficiency; C-RAN

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