Open Access
ARTICLE
Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol with Mutual Authentication Based on Single Photons and Bell States
Lili Yan1, *, Shibin Zhang1, Yan Chang1, Zhibin Sun2, Zhiwei Sheng1
1 School of Cybersecurity, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610000, China.
2 Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
* Corresponding Author: Lili Yan. Email:
.
Computers, Materials & Continua 2020, 63(3), 1297-1307. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2020.09873
Received 23 January 2020; Accepted 26 February 2020; Issue published 30 April 2020
Abstract
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can transmit secret messages
directly from one user to another without first establishing a shared secret key, which is
different from quantum key distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum secure
direct communication protocol based on signal photons and Bell states. Before the execution
of the proposed protocol, two participants Alice and Bob exchange their corresponding
identity IDA and IDB through quantum key distribution and keep them secret, respectively.
Then the message sender, Alice, encodes each secret message bit into two single photons
(| 01〉or|10〉) or a Bell state

, and
composes an ordered secret message sequence. To insure the security of communication,
Alice also prepares the decoy photons and inserts them into secret message sequence on
the basis of the values of IDA and IDB. By the secret identity IDA and IDB, both sides of the
communication can check eavesdropping and identify each other. The proposed protocol
not only completes secure direct communication, but also realizes the mutual
authentication. The security analysis of the proposed protocol is presented in the paper.
The analysis results show that this protocol is secure against some common attacks, and
no secret message leaks even if the messages are broken. Compared with the two-way
QSDC protocols, the presented protocol is a one-way quantum communication protocol
which has the immunity to Trojan horse attack. Furthermore, our proposed protocol can be
realized without quantum memory.
Keywords
Quantum secure direct communication, mutual authentication, bell states, single photons.
Cite This Article
APA Style
Yan, L., Zhang, S., Chang, Y., Sun, Z., Sheng, Z. (2020). Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol with Mutual Authentication Based on Single Photons and Bell States.
Computers, Materials & Continua,
63(3), 1297–1307.
https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2020.09873
Vancouver Style
Yan L, Zhang S, Chang Y, Sun Z, Sheng Z. Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol with Mutual Authentication Based on Single Photons and Bell States. Comput Mater Contin. 2020;63(3):1297–1307.
https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2020.09873
IEEE Style
L. Yan, S. Zhang, Y. Chang, Z. Sun, and Z. Sheng, “Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol with Mutual Authentication Based on Single Photons and Bell States,”
Comput. Mater. Contin., vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 1297–1307, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2020.09873
Citations

Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
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